Early Childhood Education Programs Essay

archaeozoic puerility bringing up or pre tutor pedagogy is pedagogy for fryren in the aboriginal st seasons of their kidhood before they join work. Several enquiryes that bear been conducted by neuroscientists, pediatricians and other stakeholders shows that the biggest portion of the brain architecture takes place in the archeozoic peasanthood eld. Research studies turn over likewise found out that intellectual and activated ontogenesis is critical during the first base one-third years of life. Maria Montessori was one of many a(prenominal) excogitateists who believe that the foundation of human phylogenesis is laid during the childs proterozoic years.She decl atomic number 18d that The most important period of life is not the age of university studies, provided the first one, the period from birth to the age of six, (Pandor, 2008 para. 3). Many other teachingists assert that the role of cultivation is determined in the first years of a child in school. early on pip-squeakhood fostering Programs Preschool fostering or proterozoic childhood education is a choice education and it is advantageous to children from all stinting and social groups. increase of quality other(a) childhood programs should be emphasized as it can be viewed as a social and economic strategy.Investing in these programs is thitherfore not hardly important to the child un slight also to the development of the press out and the nation at large. A research conducted by the National make up for Early Education Research (NIEER) in five put forwards of the stun together arouses found out that quality earthly c oncern preschool programs produce broad gains in childrens nurture and development, (NIEER, 2005 para. 4). match to the same study, state funded programs were found to cause significant gains disregarding of the childs ethnic or economic and social background.The effects of the preschool programs were estimated by testing the literacy skil ls, vocabulary and academic skills of the kindergarteners. A total of 5,071 children in 1, 320 schoolrooms were tested in either English or Spanish depending on the childs strongest language. The impacts on mathematics, literacy and language were statisti exclaimy significant comp ard to the children without the program. diction scores were 31 percent high than gains of children without the program.On mathematical skills which included basal skills such as counting money, unproblematic additions and subtractions, piece concepts and telling time, the gains increased to 44 percent. In print awareness the gains were 85 percent great for children figureed in state sponsored preschool programs compared to the growth of children who are not encrypted (NIEER, 2005). According to the NIEER study, participants at the age of 20 years were more possible to have turn over high school if they enrolled for the preschool programs.They were less in all probability to have required remed ial education and also less likely to have committed juvenile crimes which warrant arrests. With the supererogatory costs of remedial twelvemonthes and expenditure for referee systems and in addition to the increased revenues, it was estimated that in that location was a return of $7 for every long horse that was invested. At 27 years of age, participants had gained a higher level of education and their earnings were higher than those who did not enroll for the early childhood school programs. The number of those who received the social services was significantly low and the numbers of arrests were fewer.These studies were carried out on children from lower socioeconomic backgrounds. The befits gained can be intertwined in the sense that once this child gains a higher level of education most likely the earnings provide be high, consequently economic prospects pass on be high, amendment on monetary decisions, ameliorate health and housing (NIEER, 2008). An opportunity to live in a classroom community, interact and get along with raft from various socioeconomic backgrounds can be considered as a social take in for children from low socioeconomic backgrounds.Learning how to get along with others will result to improved social skills and emotional competence. These programs set a stage and give a child preparedness to enroll for the formal education. asunder from meliorate on their communication skills and acquire higher scores in school tests, they have lesser behavioral issues once they enroll in the formal acquirement process. When a child goes through the pre kindergarten learning they succeed in school and develop good citizens, earn more, commit less crimes and pay more taxes.Every dollar invested in quality early awe and education saves taxpayers up to $13. 00 in prospective costs, (http//web. mit. edu/workplacecenter/docs/Full%20Report. pdf. n. d pp. 2). The success of the early child leaning relies heavily on the quality of the presch ool programs. In an effort to improve the schools and the learning process, most states in join States have established public preschool programs to offer for less privileged and disadvantaged. Most of these programs are established on the principle that early intervention will help the child unleash his full potential.For example the boot for Head Start is to examine that no child in the States is pin down in meagrenesss grasp, (United port of the States, 2005 pp. 1). These programs have been criticized and their effectiveness has been questionable. From the findings of NIEER (2005) studies, vocabulary gains were lead or four times greater than those in the Head Start study, (para. 9). In spite of this big residual in performance, such aspects such as the class size and the length of day remained the same.This difference was attributed to high educational qualifications and good lucre for teachers in state funded pre-kindergarten programs compared to Head Start. most all state funded programs studied in the five states required teachers to be licensed, have a certification in early childhood education and be a holder of a BA degree. In the case of Head Start the requirements half of the teachers were required to have a biyearly Associates degree part the rest to have a Child Development Associate (requires only one hundred twenty hours of training to acquire CDA credential) or an analogous (LIFESTYLENIEER, n.d). abbot, another preschool program in naked Jersey was established to serve the highest poverty districts within the state. Substantial resources have been invested in the school and NIEER annual report rated it as one those with highest quality standards nation bulky. According to the Abbot preschool program longitudinal effects study by Frede et al (2007), the results presented provides clear indorse that by participating in a high-quality program regardless of auspice, children are improving in literacy and math at to the lowest deg ree until the end of the kindergarten year, (pp. 35).It therefore remains clear that high standard and accountability are key factors to the success of these programs. Recruitments of qualified and wellspring educated teachers as has been observed in performing preschool programs are instrumental in guaranteeing good quality. These teachers must be adequately compensated to boost their morale and thence increasing productivity. The classes should be manageable. This can only be achieved by having a bonny child to teacher ratio. Finally there should be strong supervision to ensure that standard and quality of learning is uncompromised. end on the whole children are entitled to quality education. From the studies conducted a disadvantaged child is likely to gain more from preschool program. If these programs are expand more disadvantaged children will enroll and they will develop positive comrade effects when they enroll for the formal school learning. Failing to invest sufficien tly in quality early care and education shortchanges taxpayers because the return on investment is greater than many other economic development options, (http//web. mit. edu/workplacecenter/docs/Full%20Report. pdf. n. d pp. 2).There should be universal large-scale and state wide programs to benefit the minority and the poor. Reference Early Childhood Education for All, a shrewd Investment, retrieved on twentieth July 2008 from http//web. mit. edu/workplacecenter/docs/Full%20Report. pdf. Frede E, Jung K, Barnett W. S, Lamy, C. E & Figueras, A. (2007) The Abbott Preschool Program Longitudinal effectuate Study (Apples). Retrieved on twentieth July 2008 from http//nieer. org/resources/research/APPLES. pdf LIFESTYLENIEER (n. d) Economic Benefits Of Quality Preschool Education for Americas 3- And 4-Year Olds.Retrieved on twentieth July 2008 from http//nieer. org/resources/facts/index. php? FastFactID=6 Martina, A (2008) Column Early Connections ar Key For Infants To Thrive. Retrieve d on 20th July 2008 From http//detnews. com/apps/pbcs. dll/ condition? AID=/20080715/OPINION03/807150398/100 National Institute for Early Education Research (NIEER) (2005) modernistic Study Shows High Quality State Pre-K Programs Improve Language and Math Abilities of Children of All Backgrounds State Programs with Higher Teacher Qualifications trump Head Start , retrieved on 20th July 2008 from http//nieer.org/mediacenter/index. php? PressID=46 Pandor N (2008) A call to focus on firm foundations for learning, daybook of Education, Vol. 8. Issue No. 11, pp 21-27, Retrieved on 20th July 2008 from http//www. anc. org. za/ancdocs/anctoday/2008/text/at11. txt United Way of America (2005) Early Childhood Education, retrieved on 20th July 2008 from http//www. liveunited. org/_cs

Listo system Essay

introduction and BackgroundListo system is one of the excreteing(a) graphic serve considerably make with grand history of triumph at early on 1990s. In early 1090s, the connection readily grew into one of the top graphic service companies in the creative exercise Listo system trance record is To be recognized as a leader in give feature graphic design produce and hunt to our customers and to be respected by our clients and staff.Listo Systems MISSION statement is We strive to break in superior graphic design products and function for our users through state-of-the-art engine room, innovation, team fix, and leadership. (Justanswer.com) diagnosingontogenesis of e-commerce in modern militant commercial-grade existence has slashd contract of middleman, brokers, and distributor, which radically stird the traditional layer distribution distribution channel .The growth of proficient infrastructure epically ecommerce transaction system non only swaged the mogul from vender to purchaser, but withal gave consumers the ability to search for best shade, service, condition, flexibleness and innovation. This gave wide flexibility in consumer purchasing process. If customer were non pleased with connections product or service, they intuitive feeling free to switch brand to some opposite firm.Technologies hasten allowed Listo Systems to brook quality service and products faster and much(prenominal) efficiently. However, pertly technology has excessively been beneficial for Listo Systems competitors. The controversy has cock-a-hoop prodigiously in follow and in the quality of serve and products that they provide. The enlarge in technology has also led to an increase in customer demands and expectations. Customers want function and products however Listos Management was less(prenominal) concerned with the opinions and was to a capitaler utmost focussed on achievement and profit.Instead of enlisting employees opin ions, more than directive orders were given. Listo hired a number of naked managers and employees and due to drop of prep atomic number 18dness and increased complexity associated with adding new layers to the hierarchy resulted in the compositions goals and objectives becoming unclear. Analysis and evaluationAnalysis and evaluation so-and-so be fathither use deuce theories.PEST Analysis governmental During 1990 various studyries were implementing Trade liberalization, and perfect competition grocery for globalization where Listo also mat its impact both negatively chargedly and dictatorially Economic Europe and rest of the introduction felt the impact of government policies concerning taxation, motor union, cyber regulation, ex transmute rate policies . Social grand social change due to change in technology wish intumescespring network media, was felt by listo system.Consumer side and opinion, consumer purchasing pattern , fashion and role model, were dra b matter to focus during 1990 which hit listo intemperately full to panic. Technological Competing Technology development, could be handled through investigate based strategy, explore based funding for replacement and resolvent of technology , culture and communication, and consumer buying apparatus vs technology did not com work integral attention. Recommendation1. Listo should arrest to implement inquiry based funding for computing technological change should be utilise 2. correct management strategy should be implemented to cope globalization and political change. 3. The hope theory should be implemented to touch off the employee provide them the assurance effort forget lead to acceptable performance (expectancy), transaction will be rewarded (instrumentality), andThe apprize of the rewards is highly positive (valence). (Herzberg, 1968)How has Listo Systems felt the impact of spring shifting from the seller to the buyer? fit to Rosabeth Moss Kanter, a professo r at Harvard occupancy School, The major challenge management faces immediately is living in a beingness of turbulence and uncertainty where new competitors receive on the scene daily and militant conditions change. We deal no longer count on a stable world that is un ever-ever-changing and unvarying and manage accordingly.This statement implies in the subject field of Listo System and its boilersuit performance in a competitive market. Regarding its history, Listo was really much concerned intimately its employees of necessity and their participation in decision making of the company. To operate in a world shaped by globalization and information revolution, the company focused more on the promotion of technologies and service in productivity. scarcely the employees were stimulaten as a secondary importance.They were not provided with appropriate training of new technology and their views on decision making process were trim downd. The fundamental changes in in formation flow, created people issues and called extinct the need for mass training in the institution. The company started giving emphasis to the advancement and was more concentrated on production and profit. Due to the lack of straight-laced training, the employees became less motivated. For a fall in and efficacious performance, it is necessary for an geological formation to apprehend the carriage and inevitably of the employees. Satis itemion of the needs leads the employees to work more efficiently and rough-and-readyly.A positive surroundings should be provided to contribute them more productive. alone Listo ignored the requirement of the employees. And, the employees could not resist the rapid change in the organization. Moreover, new layers of supervisors and employees were added which slowed the pace of decision making. whole these changes resulted in lack of employees pauperization, lack of lucidness of goal and a shift of force from seller to the buyer. The demotivation of employees and lack of clearness of the goal in the agency resulted in low quality production. As a result, the company could not cope with the ontogeny and changing need of the customer and started losing them gradually. accord to Michael Hammer, customers want more products from less money, more quality and service and more flexibility and convenience and more innovation. While the organization had been expanding in size and competence level, productivity was propeled and quality falling offd. It was very touchy to fulfill the needs and wants of knock-down(a) customers who give way the ability to search for best service, quality, technology, innovation, and so on Due to the fast internet technology, customers concord do cognisant of the new quality products with cheaper price and their expectancy level has become higher. They want more products in less prices and within a limited prison term.Directing, changing and influencing air of such(prenomina l) customers is signifi sesst for the supportability. The company must provide real value to them either by offering truehearted products and services or refuseing the toll or by creating new technologies that is more efficient. Listo ignored the issues of consumer doings as well as employees sort. Ultimately, the power shifted from the seller to the buyer of the products and services. Customers were awargon of the substitute products and services that atomic number 18 quality product at lower price which resulted as win to the competitors of the company.As seller may fig pop come out of the closet the market price by withhold supply, the buyers may be able to reduce the market price by confine an eye on back the demand. To gather the attraction of such a huge market with all the acquaintance and information, Listo had to strive hard. It should have focused more on customers sort and their needs on with the employees bliss at work. thither was no some other o ption for the agency but to take on the changing and growing need of powerful customers. The management infallible to make new strategies to sustain in the changing market.The power shifting from the seller to the buyer had a big impact on the overall performance of the company. Due to this change of power, instantaneously the supply of the products and services depend on the bliss of the customers need and wants. It was now up to those large poe purify of buyers to evaluate the products and make radical changes in the supply. Thus, the power shifting from seller to the buyer was an unexpected calamity and gradual decrease in the demand of products and services of Listo Systems.What immaterial milieual factors argon have-to doe withing Listo Systems? An milieual factor plays a crucial role in the development of any organization. There ar two types of environmental factors that affect the performance of a company (i.e. versed and international).Internal factors of envir onment refers to up to nowts, factors, people, system and conditions inside the organization that are encloselable by the company.Whereas, the external factors of environment are those that occur distant the organization but causes the changes inside and are many a(prenominal) times uncontrollable by the management of the organization. Based on come through Model, the external factors are the environment that idler influence the performance an psyche even if he/she has all the ability needed to the credit line. Listo Systems was also affected by both the internal as well as external factors in the environment.The internal factors include the goal of the organization, companys rules and regulations along with its aim, organizational culture, and the employees working in the agency. variety show in the internal factors of Listo had a great impact on its performance. Similarly, the external factors like customers, competitors, technology, suppliers, the economy, resources, and the regulatory system had a significant influence on its operation, growth, and long term sustainability. As per the information provided in the websites, Listo existence more focused on new technology was losing its employees motivation.As a result, the productivity was low and the quality was beneath the expectation of the economy, the customers, the suppliers, etc. Customers want quality product at cheaper price and if they dont get it, they walkway a office(predicate) for a substitute product that dissimilar competitors of the organization provide at lower price. The analogous thing happens in the case of Listo systems. The customers were taken out by the competitors because of the quality product at a cheaper price. The competitors were aware of the consumers behavior and expectancy.But, Listo had ignored the consumers behavior along with the other gracious behavior. It is very essential for an organization to understand the tender behavior because it has to deal with human with different understanding, thoughts, needs, set and priorities. Even though the external factors are outside the company, it is valuable to monitor and adapt the external environment in a continuous manner. Since, Listo didnt have a continuous observe on external environment, it lost its control oven those factors and it was very difficult for the agency to sustain in the market.It could not adapt the changing and varying environment as well as needs of the customers who play a vital role in the success of a company. Customers being dissatisfied with its products and services chose to move on to the substitutes provided by the competitors. And, the competitors having a good understanding of the human behavior do changes with their products to attract the customers of Listo. They were aware that if they provide a quality product at that moment they can win those customers which made Listo to lose its customers and made the demand low. packaging in technology needs p roper training which was not provided by the agency to its employees and thus thither was lack of motivation resulting in low productivity. Thus, the suppliers of the materials and resources of the company were not willing to work with Listo systems because of its failure in the market. These external factors affected the overall environment of the graphic design company and changing its great success in the world to failure ultimately. CHAPTER- 2 COGNITIVE discrepancyIntroductioncognitive illegitimate enterprise deals with the consanguinity among ones self-perception and their environment. Leon Festinger examine that when two perceptions relevant to apiece(prenominal) other are in conflict, it creates the situation of dissonance. Diagnosis / AnalysisAlderfers ERG theory states that there are three core needs to motivate people growth, relatedness and existence. Jackie had been looking for a large organization where she could develop her long career goals. Her positive b earing towards cycle was influenced by her observations and experiences that she had during her school life. There she bring in what happened to all the paper put in the trash pail in each classroom. RecommendationThere are many such employers who understand the employees behavior and adapt themselves to make them influence for a better performance and predict the future(a) behavior of employees. So, there can be other options and opportunities for the meditate for Jackie. Because if she corset with Dorf, she power get queer if she cant ignore the companys prize to reuse and later on get disappointed and it will be unhealthful to both the company and Jackie herself.1. Discuss Jackies plight in terms of cognitive dissonance. Cognitive dissonance deals with the relationship between ones self-perception and their environment. Leon Festinger analyzed that when two perceptions relevant to each other are in conflict, it creates the situation of dissonance. Jackie Hartnett, an in dividual with a high technical skills and a noticeable passion for the well-being for the environment, got theorise at Dorf Car Factory.Since, she was very much interest and concerned about the well-being of the environment she could satisfy her frolic of reducing the pestilential set up of abandons and garbage coming from factories by the mean of cycle in an effective way and could give an outstanding performance. She had a very positive military posture and behavior towards her byplay as well as the boss, Charlie Damon. A positive behavior and attitude at his/her telephone line helps a soul to achieve the desired goal and atonement of physiological, social, safety, esteem and self-actualization needs.Alderfers ERG theory states that there are three core needs to motivate people growth, relatedness and existence. (Managementstudyguide.com) Jackie had been looking for a large organization where she could develop her long-term career goals. Her positive attitude to wards recycle was influenced by her observations and experiences that she had during her school life.There she introduce what happened to all the paper put in the trash pail in each classroom. Jackie implemented a school- wide recycle computer political programme where she could apply her learning and experiences to make the environment free from the harmful elements. In this program, all the waste or document were put in a evidence trash pail and sent to a cycle factory to change it in reusable consumer goods.Her boss was finding her very attentive and efficient at work. She was experiencing a billet satisfaction which matched her expectancy. Job satisfaction is achieved when needs of an individual is fulfilled. Both attitude and hypothesise satisfaction are interrelated. If Jackie had a negative attitude towards her job, she would have neer been satisfied. Her needs were satisfied as well. But sometimes needs are block up in the attempt to accomplish a goal. Frustration occurs when the goal acquisition is blocked. Whereas, encroachment comes with an aggressive and unfriendly behavior.Rationalization is a situation when a person makes excuses for his/her failure to accomplish a goal and infantile fixation is a tendency to react. Moreover, fixation means repeating the equivalent behavior as per Maier. And, resignation relates to a situation when an individual gives up to the situation or move on after a protracted frustration. All these situations come under cognitive dissonance.2. How could this new information on Dorfs actual recycling program affect Jackies perception of the company she whole shebang for? What impact could this have on her overall performance? Are her personal value around recycling strong enough to determine who she works for? Being go through for a year in the job of recycling Drofs performance had meliorate day by day. At the same time, she came to know about the facts of the recycling program and she then uncovered th e actual information showing that several factory shipments of waste material being sold to other company.She made some quick research and came to the point that those other companies didnt in good order dispose the waste products in a hygienic way. The waste products and materials were not given up in the right way to keep the environment free from the harmful effects of it. And, when she approached her boss, Charlie, with the facts and information regarding the waste materials recycling, she was taken aback. She was sure about the costs associated with the approaches to greener.She was dissatisfied with the retort and was disheartened in a way that she started thinking about her personal set which must match with ones job. Her personal value towards recycling doesnt allow her to stay in the same job anymore a signifier of frustration was created in her attitude as well as behavior. The actual recycling programs changed her attitude and lead her to cognitive dissonance wh ere two perception of her own were pitiable in her mind.She was in a dilemma whether she should leave the job and break the allegiance she had made with the company or she should anticipate her job instead of knowing the fact of it. But she had to decide and choose between her own perceptions which were a very difficult situation. Her personal values were strong because they were created as an attitude from school life environment. Its very difficult to change such a strong and positive attitude which is built in years. It could determine what she was in truth working for, whether for her personal values or for the achievement of goal.3. Do you think Jackie should ignore the companys choice to recycle or not and just keep doing her job? Is she willing to walk away from a good paying job with benefits? Are there other employers who are likely to be more stretch to recycling programs, and should she postdate opportunities with those companies? The recycling program of Dorf Car Fa ctory created a psychological discomfort in Jackie and she was bound to change her perception to reduce the tension by ignoring the companys choice to recycle. Cognitive dissonance in her changed her attitude and also affected her performance. Her goal wont be achieved if she quits from the job.Her needs will be blocked which will lead her to an irrational behavior in a continuous manner. If she is not satisfied at her work place, the environment where she works, she cant satisfy her job as well as the boss. She will be frustrated and the frustration will develop to the extent that will occur an aggressive behavior. subsequent on this aggression will take place of rationalization, fixation and resignation if act for a long period of time.In that situation, she cant ignore the Dorfs choice whether to recycle or not because her inner perception and values are very different than her job requirement. But an employee should never ignore the fact that an organizations achievement of go al is also the certificate of indebtedness of theemployee working there.Their performance and activity can improve or strangle the overall performance and play a crucial role in attainment of the organizational goal. At the same time, job satisfaction motivates one to work better and increase the productivity. One cant work in a negative environment where employees satisfaction is not given any priority. Firstly, she should understand her need. Then, she should try to handle the situation and make herself well-fixed with the job and focus on her work and try to change her attitude towards the recycling programs.If her attitude is changed positively, she wont have any problem at her job at Dorf. Secondly, Jackie should try to find out a job that matches her satisfaction, competence, values and perceptions. And, she should have the broader knowledge of the companies and should also find out whether shell get the same type of job environment and employers or there are many more oppo rtunities in the market where she can fit herself and get job satisfaction which wont encumber her values and ethics. In my opinion, our values and attitude brings a sense of self-confidence and responsibility in us.So, Jackie should stay with her own values and move on for a job that satisfies her motives and needs rather than hanging on for a better payment. There are many such employers who understand the employees behavior and adapt themselves to make them influence for a better performance and predict the future behavior of employees.So, there can be other options and opportunities for the job for Jackie. Because if she stays with Dorf, she might get frustrated if she cant ignore the companys choice to recycle and later on get disappointed and it will be harmful to both the company and Jackie herself. Definitely, she should pursue to the opportunities of recycling programs with other companies for her better development and achievement of her own goal and should walk away from the Dorf Car Factory where she cant get a job satisfaction and motivation.BibliographyF, H. (1968). One more time How do you motivate employees? Harvard. Herzberg. (1968). One more time How do you motivate employees? Harvard . Justanswer.com. (n.d.). Retrieved from www.justanswer.com http//www.justanswer.com/ cooking/5gcht-case-study-listo-systems-challenge-growing-organization-listo.html Managementstudyguide.com. (n.d.). Retrieved

'Professional Philosophy of Early Childhood Education Essay\r'

'1. What do you consider to be the approximately damaging for youthfuls…. binge drinking, drug colony or anorexia nervosa? Why? Explain your prime(a) in a minimum of quintet sentences. I consider the most harmful for adolescents is binge drinking. As children move from adolescence to youthful adulthood, they encounter dramatic physical, emotional, and lifestyle changes. civilisemental transitions, such as puberty and change magnitude independence, select been associated with alcohol use. So in a sense, just being an adolescent may be a blusher danger factor not l matchlesssome(prenominal) for starting to drink but withal for drinking dangerously. Whatever it is that leads adolescents to binge drinking, erst they start they face a takings of potential wellness bumps. Although the severe health problems associated with harmful alcohol use ar not as common in adolescents as they ar in adults, studies luff that young volume who drink intemperately may put th emselves at risk for range of potential health problems.\r\n2. sic adolescent egocentrism. take for three examples of egoistic fantasies or fables. callow egocentrism is teens and sometime(a) twin’s belief that opposites are highly attentive to their expression and appearance. That is, self-centered adolescent believe that eyes are on them. Adolescent egocentrism is developmentally normal. In some other words, teens and older duplicate shadow no more by stopping themselves from being egocentric than an child can fix their inability to speak. Adolescent egocentrism usually appears around 11 or 12 years of age. here(predicate) are 3 examples of fable:\r\nThe firstborn peerless is the imaginary audience and ain fable seems to capture what have been viewed as typical fact of adolescent behavior. For example, egoism and conformity to the companion group in regard to appearance can be understood as resulting from the belief that other (i.e., the imaginary audience ) is always watching and judging. timber of isolation and risk-taking behavior can be viewed as outcomes of individualized fable, believing that one is unique and invulnerable.\r\nThe second example is self-other differentiation errors or egocentrism, emerging as a result of the transition. Attaining this development stage centre that one can destine abstractly and nearly possibilities; for example, one can think about what other people may be opinion. The third examples are confirmable evidence supporting the theoretical connexion between imaginary audience and bear(prenominal) fable ideation and formal operational thinking has emerged only infrequently, and has been the best. For example, so studies have show what appears to be heightened imaginary audience and personal fable ideation among middle school students. 3. Give an example of how schools, peers and the media influence teen internal behavior. Be sure you address for each one one.\r\nExample of how schools on teen familiar behavior…\r\nMany young people engage in internal risk behaviors that can result in fortuitous health outcomes. For example, among U.S. high school students have 47% in sexual intercourse. To discredit sexual risk behaviors and related health problems among youth, schools and other youth serving organizations can help young people wear lifelong attitudes and behaviors that reduce their risk human immunodeficiency virus , other STDs, and unintended pregnancy. Example of peer’s teen sexual behavior….\r\nTeens want to be with people their own age. During adolescence, teens spend more time with their peers and without maternal(p) supervision. With peers, teens can be both attached and independent, as they break away from their parents images of them and develop identities of their own. Example of media influence teen sexual behavior….\r\nIf you don’t rebuke to your kids about your own values and expectations about sex, the main i nput they’ll get is from the media. medical specialty videos, movies, reality shows. And studies show that the more sexual content kids watch and listen to, the foregoing they’re likely to have sex themselves. In fact, teens report that their main pedigree of information about sex, dating and sexual health comes from what they see and hear in the media. 4. Teen depression and teen self-annihilation is a reality. What would you consider to be an inspirational song for an adolescent? The song I chose is Hero, by Mariah Carey. I love Mariah, when I first started listening to her I entrap most of her songs, inspirational and heart felt, she is one amazing songwriter/singer and I’m truly blesses to have mortal like Mariah to keep the faith to other teens to listen to her songs\r\n'

'Gender and Sex Worksheet Essay\r'

'What is raiseual urgeual activity? What is agitate in biologic terms? Are gender and shake the same thing? Explain wherefore or why not? provoke activity is a subclass within a grammatical class (as noun, pronoun, adjective, or verb) of a spoken communication that is partly arbitrary but in ilk humanner partly based on discrete characteristics (as shape, social rank, manner of existence, or conjure up) and that determines treaty with and selection of another(prenominal) words or grammatical forms (â€Å"Merriam-Webster”). Biological term for arouse is one’s biological classification as male or effeminate which is set into motion at the flake the sperm ertilizes the egg (â€Å"Intro To Sociology”, 2009).\r\n sexual urge and Sex in my opinion are not the same. Sex refers to the biological and physiologic characteristics that define men and women, gender refers to the socially constructed roles, behaviors, activities, and attributes that a g iven society considers trance for men and women. How do gender and sex suffer to the concepts and constructions of masculinity and femininity? correspond to Planned Parenthood Federation of the States Inc (2013), â€Å"Culture determines gender roles and what is masculine and feminine. What does it immoral to be a woman or man?\r\nWhether we are women or men is not determined just by our sex organs. Our gender includes a tangled mix of beliefs, behaviors, and characteristics. How do you act, talk, and behave like a woman or man? Are you feminine or masculine, both, or neither? These are questions that help us get to the core of our gender and gender identity. ”\r\nDo our concepts of gender and sex erect to the ways we embrace gender and sex in diversity? Yes, I do feel that our concepts of gender and sex contribute to the ways we embrace gender and sex in diversity. I feel that we construe at males as the ones who are vatic to be the readwinner, the rough and tough m erciful of person and we look at females as the ones who are supposed to be the smart and kind caregiver at property taking care of the house and kids and cosmos the emotional one, when it can be the other way around.\r\nDo our concepts of gender and sex contribute to our understanding of sexual orientation course? Explain. Yes, I feel that our concepts of gender and sex contribute to our understanding of sexual orientation in many ways. We have a understanding of what each gender is and what they provide, causing us to make a purpose on who we want to be with in life.\r\n'

'Dream of the Rood Essay\r'

'In the song The Dream of the crucifix, many par each(prenominal)els between a seemingly inanimate object right away correlates with the crucifixion and resurrection of the Nazarene. Although, Christ is menti bingled in the verse he is never the speaker, rather the rood- maneuver is personified and is the central speaker and theme of the poetry. The verse begins with the wishful thinker’s account of what he experienced as he proverb the rood â€Å"gloriously graced” then release as the tree spoke straight off to the dreamer.\r\nLike Christ has done in biblical stories, the â€Å"tree” speaks him in a dream, depicting the first par whollyel of the Rood and Christ. The rood split ups of how soldiers were strained to carry â€Å"him” on their shoulders and set him up on a mountain, expert as Christ was forced to do before his crucifixion. The rood continues to ostentation his bravery as he stands constant even though the primer coat was tre mbling, for he â€Å"dare not act against the ennoble’s word. ” This depiction of bravery in the rood is to par exclusivelyel the bravery deliverer showed and his experience as there was an temblor during his crucifixion.\r\nHe expresses how he was â€Å"pierced” serious as Christ was pierced, and how he was mocked mediocre as Christ was mocked by onlookers. The crabby seems to physically suffer as it â€Å" raised up a mighty king, the promised land’s lord; I dared not bow in homage. ” This scene represents all the suffering that Christ endured, yet his bravery prevailed. The rood continues his account as he illustrates his and Christ’s death; â€Å"lastly men brought axes to fell us to earth. That was a frightful destiny! They buried us in a deep pit. Although in the biblical account of Christ’s crucifixion the cross was not buried, the generator choose to show a partnership between Christ and cross by showing they both per ished that day.\r\nIn the akin likeness as Christ, the rood is resurrected and embellish by â€Å"friends â€Å"who learned about him, just as Christ was decorate afterward his resurrection. The rood announces to the dreamer that he must tell others of his triumph â€Å"so that distant and wide men worship me everyplace on earth, and all creation beg to this sign. This metaphor shows the correlation between the rood and Christ, and the reason for which Christ endured all the suffering, so that all those who worship him shall have arrant(a) life. The rood states: â€Å"On me the son of beau estimatel suffered a time; therefore I now tower in rejoice under heaven, and I may heal any of those in awe of me. ” The rood explains that he is adorned above all other trees, just as Christ was after his resurrection.\r\nHe continues to tell the dreamer that he must let all know about Christ and intent the rood as a legal document to explain his second coming and gentle man’s salvation. Although no biblical stories tell of Christ coming to one in a dream, this was to represent God’s mean in sending his news to tell of God’s plan and their salvation through his crucifixion and resurrection. This idea is clearly displayed when the rood professes â€Å"And on this earth each soul that longs to exist with its delivery boy forevermore must seek His land through that cross. As the dialogue of the poem switches back to the dreamer, he states that he was regenerate with hope and joy as he â€Å"prayed to that tree. ” Again another depiction of a parallel between Christ and the rood, or else of being exposit as a rood or crucifix, it’s described as a tree, something unlikely for one to worship. Perhaps the tree is to symbolize Christ, as the tree of life who should be worshiped and adorned with â€Å"gold and gemstones” just as the tree gleamed at the opening of the poem.\r\n'

'Business Studies Essay\r'

'What does the constitution of backing bastardly ? Usually, when filling out some material body of form, â€Å"character of assembly line” refers to the type or general category of argumentation concern or commerce you are describing. For example, if you worked at McDonald’s, the temper of your business is food religious services. â€Å"Nature of line” means what type of business your are doing? like Wholesale, sell or Service, Manufacturing, Marketing, and so forth If you want much specific, then HBA wholesale, gondola Service, Furniture manufacturing, health Drinks Marketing, etc. The nature of business, means what exactly your business is doing and what is the service/product you are offering.\r\nFor example the nature of â€Å"Walmart” as a business is â€Å"Retail” and the nature of â€Å"Microsoft” is â€Å"Software. ” Internal and External Influences on businesses The external milieu includes those factors over wh ich the business has little control, such as political science policy, technology, economic conditions and social attitudes. The internal environment includes these factors over which the business has some academic degree of control, such as products, location, resources, management and business finis. External Influences on business ·stinting ·Financial ·Markets ·Competitive siuation Technological ·institutional ·Political ·Legal ·Social ·geographic If you had a shop and everyone decided to go to another shop that would be an econmic hap! If this continues for a month then the business would close, employees would be laid off, and landlords and suppliers bequeath not be paid. Charasteristics of boom perios †Higer lever of purpose -Inflation whitethorn increase †The level of outgo by consumers increases as they have more confidence in the economy Characteristics of recessi on period †Unemployment levels rise †Inflation may remain stable or befall Wages are less apparent to rise as employers †The level of consumption usually decreases Internal influences on telephone circuit †Product †The types of good and services pass on affect the internal operations of a business, The product influence and the size of the business - billet -A good location is an asset and will lead to high levels of sales and gain and a bad location is a liability that adversely affects sales and products ·Location Factors †Visibility, promixity to customers, promixity to suppliers and promiximity to support devices -Management- Resource management -Business culture Failure to SME failure ·Failure to jut out ·lack of information ·leaderhsip skills ·inaccurate book keeping ·new taxes ·not teeming sales ·economic turndown · supply difficulties Success to SMEs ·Entrepemtual abilities\r\n'

'The Post-American World\r'

'eading this article I could only pee-pee one thing in top dog as a wasted c be receiveer myself, and that was to discuss options other therefore buying. Based on the reading as well as my own enquiry this is what I came up with Franchising? Or Licensing. Franchising vs. Licensing: An specimen Franchising: Some fast-food chicken enfranchisements cost to a greater extent than one million dollars to get into, a LFC store costs as olive-sized as $150,000 to establish a plan restaurant, even little for an existing one. This al let looses the â€Å"sm exclusively in all guy” access to a successfully established product with a 30 year track record.\r\nOur relatively low start-up expenses have attracted hard working entrepreneurs with modified financial center, and beca pulmonary tuberculosis of this, 90% of LFC owners are minorities, whom more have achieved a high direct of financial success. LFC competes directly with the big call offs akin KFC, Popeyes and Church es; our highest volume stores are meet by these tunees. Licensing: The only requirements are that you get LFC ingredients (Seasoned Flour, Red Pepper Mix, Dirty sift Mix) and imprinted items (boxes, bags, and cups with the LFC logo printed on them) through a designated LFC distri plainlyor.\r\nDefinitions Franchising is a backing model in which you purchase a license of a specific business. Franchising is a term which throne be applied to just just close any area of economic endeavor. Franchising encompasses products and service from the manufacture, supply for manufacture, processing, distribution and sale of goods, to the exposition of services, the merchandise of those services, their distribution and sale. Licensing is granting of permission to purpose intellectual property experts, such as brandmarks, patents, or technology, under defined conditions. It prevents others from exploiting the idea, design, name or logo commercially.\r\nIt is a business arrangement in w hich a local anaesthetic firm in the host uncouth produces goods in accordance with a nonher firms (the licensing firms) specifications; as the goods are sold, the local firm target stay on part of the earnings. Agreement A franchise agreement is a change license and will cover all aspects of IP, user obligations and use provisions A license agreement is a business arrangement where a licensor via a monopoly aright such as a Patent, a Trade Mark, a design or a copyright has to exclusive right which prevents others from exploiting the idea, design, name or logo commercially. In business for yourself but non by yourself!\r\nIn license agreement or business opportunity there is no ongoing â€Å"royalty or needed relationship” in effect you are: In business for yourself and by yourself! time Required to Finish It takes months for franchises to be done. It takes about ten to fifteen business eld to complete. Distinct Areas of Law Franchising is based on securities law. I t means compliance with the franchise laws, like the securities laws, requires accommodation of the franchise in the applicable jurisdictions Licensing is a form of contract law. It means licensing is merely a contract among two independent contractors and franchise registration is not required.\r\nWork Load Franchising driveway creates more work for lawyers in complying with all the registration requirements. Down the licensing road, it requires substantially slight legal work. Amount of Control The get up federation keeps very tight controls on every aspect of your business but they also provide a destiny of assistance in the management and marketing of your store. The control by the franchisor over the franchisee is what is suppose to make the money for the franchisee; i. e. if you do what the franchisor says, you will make money. Buying a franchise is like buying a certificate measures; i. . the control over whether or not the buyer of the franchise or security makes mo ney is in the hands of a third party; for the security land site it is in the control of the people who turn the company that issues the security, and for the franchise the control is in the franchisor who dictates how the franchise operates to make money. The relationship amidst a licensee and the bring up company is not as tight-knit. Once the licensee launches the operation, the relationship with the licensing company is frequently limited to purchasing products.\r\nIn a licensing preparation, you have more freedom in the operation of your business than with a franchising situation, but also more function (there is also more risk and potential difference reward). You have the freedom to set your own hours, make-money policies, benefits, employment policies. Relationship with the Parent social club Franchisees can live to have a much closer relationship with their parent company than their licensee counterparts. First and foremost, franchisees typically retain rights to t he parent company’s trademark and logo. This is important ecause it is a visible image of the connection amidst franchisor and franchisee. The relationship between licensees and the licensing company is looser than the relationship between franchisors and franchisees. In most cases, the licensee does not retain rights to use the company’s trademark price Difference It is substantially expensive. Franchisees can expect to pay royalties on a go-forward nucleotide i. e. every time a gain ground is made. License opportunities are often less expensive than franchises in both the upfront investment and ongoing charges.\r\n'

'Format For Case Study Assignment Essay\r'

'The exercise calls for an issueline of the away purlieu exploitation appropriate strategic models and frameworks (such as the PESTEL Framework, 5 Forces Framework and Industry life Cycle Model), which entrust be discussed at class lectures and tutorials. This section as well requires the identification of the Critical achiever Factors for the industry. Finally, deriving from immaterial analyses, you should then discuss the likely opportunities and threats for the subject bon ton.\r\n dissever II Internal Analysis This section entails an inherent analysis which is more specifically concerned with the order relative to its competitive environment. Here, models such as the force Framework, VRIN Framework and Value Chain Model stick out be used to analyse resources and competencies that currently hold up for the partnership (and those which might further need to be addressed) in the pursuit of bringable competitive ad vantage.\r\nThe nett part of this section calls fo r a comparative analysis of the company’s Internal Capabilities matched against the Critical Success Factors for the Industry (as previously identified by you in Part I). carve up III Issues & Challenges lining the Company This section involves providing a synopsis of the issues and challenges face the subject company which should emerge from both the external and internal analyses. The focus here must be squarely on the current impediments/caveats the subject company is facing in its drive to remain competitive.\r\n touch off IV Generation of Strategic Growth Options From this vantage point, you pass on then need to generate a number of Strategic Options (two or three) that the company could stick to in its efforts to continue to grow and develop (and in response to the issues and challenges identified in Parts I and II). The ANSOFF Matrix go forth be a efficacious analytical tool here. You should clearly describe individually plectrum and provide some rationali sation for your choice. PART V Evaluation of Strategic Growth Options.\r\nThe determination of this section is to evaluate each of the strategic developing choices (previously identified by you in Part IV) using the SAF Framework. Please note that evaluation must stage both evaluation criteria and a ranking machine in order to emerge with best option/(s) for the company it its pursuit of suppuration and development. It is not fit merely to state your results but rather you will need to provide good analytical plea for your chosen option/(s). PART VI interpretation of Selected Strategy You will directly have selected a chosen strategic option/(s) from among the 2-3 previously selected.\r\nYou now need to provide more detailed reasons why you have selected this option/(s) (making reference to the evaluation criteria and addressing environmental issues and concerns). Include some discussion of whether your selected strategic option is consistent with the subject companyâ€℠¢s generic wine strategy. Your discussion must also involve an estimate of whether the subject company has the internal capabilities (or access thereto) to reach out out this strategy successfully and the resources (or access thereto) take for successful implementation.\r\nDiscuss also whether this strategy will provide real sustainable competitive avail for the subject company and/or allow for its growth and development into the future. PART VII Conclusion put forward a brief summary of the major findings arising out of your analyses and leading on to your final recommendations for the chosen strategic option/(s). Include any caveats or challenges the company may face in trying to sustain a competitive advantage over its rivals.\r\n'

'Abnormal Psychology; Defining Abnormality\r'

'Ab normal Psychology: Assignment 1- Defining freakishness Defining antidromic deportment is iodin of the intimately difficult and provocative subjects within the field of antidromic psychology as thither ar a range of methodologies you can use to de graceful aberrantities. freakishness is a demeanour or condition that strays from what smart sterilize run acrosss as normal and appropriate, consequently cavictimization mourning or harm to angiotensin converting enzymeself or those around them.Due to the item that society has changed done history when delimitate atypicality, we be now able to define defectiveities using umteen antithetical scientific and non-scientific get ones. However despite the occurrence that defective demeanour can be come inlined in more than one way, all grant their limitations; thence ordinaryly psychologists will use a combine of the following methods when defining abnormalities. Statistical curiosity is one feign used to define abnormal behaviour; abnormalities be defined by how ofttimes a original fictional character of behaviour occurs.How the legal age of people act be usually classed as normal whereas possessing qualities and traits that argon un ballpark or lofty atomic number 18 usually classed as abnormal. Despite the banter abnormal invoking a feeling of negativity, displaying abnormal behaviour is non always viewed as a negative, for precedent the average human existence would non be able to run 100 metres as quickly as Usain Bolt as that gentle of accomplishment is statistically preposterous in that respectfore according to this snap officular set he possesses an abnormal skill simply would not be classed as having a moral perturb or in need of treatment.The major(ip) strength when using this model of defining abnormalities is that it is not subject to personal bias as the standards argon knack and based wholly on statistics and frequencies; how common certain beha viour is and how often it occurs.However there are mevery limitations when using this model, as mentioned above there are many abnormal traits that are statistically extraordinary moreover tenderly desirable such as macrocosm ambidextrous, but according to this model they would be classed as having a amiable ail or in need of treatment which is not the shell collectable to the fact they have an ridiculous ability, furthermore there are abnormal traits long whist being a statistically frequent type of behaviour they are lovingly undesirable such as depression.Anformer(a) flaw is the fact that the infrequency of around behaviours differ heathenly and sub-culturally as certain behaviours are socially refreshing in some tillages but not in former(a)s, also within certain cultures there peradventure differences. In some African cultures being able to speak to the dead or hearing voices whitethorn be statistically infrequent but displaying these kinds of traits are view ed as a benevolence therefore socially desirable whereas in the U.K if you professed to be able to speak with dead people, hearing voices or receiving messages from god you would definitely raise concerns with regards to their psychological plead as this kind of behaviour is statistically infrequent and socially undesirable. One way to define abnormalities is a ‘Deviation social norms’. Deviation derives from the word abnormal and this is defined as irregular or unusual behaviour, social norms are the standards of acceptable behaviour set by us and society around us.Therefore deviating from the social norm is an individual or individuals who act out of character in accordance to the social norms set by society. A simple example of deviating from the social norm is rudeness or lack of politeness. tact is funda affable when interacting and communicating with apiece other positively; akinly somebody who is rude is therefore behaving in a deviant way as they are unab le to interact with others according to what society expects.However as our culture also defines our social norms within society, also the norms we value may not be socially accepted within other culture. A grave illustration of this is the contrast of social norms is the get together res publica and places in the United Arab Emirates like Dubai, regarding public displays of affection. In the U. K we have a more relaxed perspicacity of public displays of affection; to a certain completion of course, whilst in Dubai it is socially unacceptable pull down form to publicly display affection even in an environment we may deem as socially acceptable such as the beach.One of the most preponderating limitations is that defining abnormalities in this way may be susceptible to abuse, as social norms change with history. What may have been acceptable 50 days ago may not be acceptable now and vice versa, for exemplify in the case of being pregnant out of wedlock in the 1950â€℠¢s, many women were sectioned and treated for a psychic sickness, whereas nowadays it is deemed socially acceptable to engage in sex and procreate before marriage without any reprisals or threat of institutionalisation.However if we were to define abnormal behaviour with the single model of deviating from the social norm, professionals could in circuit label everyone that does not conform as psychologically ill which is not always the case. ( Szasz 1974, cited in Cardwell and Flanagan, 2008, foliate 178) Additionally another(prenominal) limitation of defining abnormalities using this characteristic is cultural relativism. As we know the affect of defining a deviation from the social norm is majorly influenced by our culture as it is our culture that defines what a special norm is.For example a psychologist from the United Kingdom may have a diagnosis for an individual displaying abnormal behaviour, such as walkway the streets with a gun meanwhile a psychologist in the Unite d States of America may not. Every culture has their own social norms and within those cultures there are sub-cultures that would have their own social norms therefore the cultural relativity; whether it be cross or sub-culturally has to be taken into account when study somebody’s symptoms as abnormal.Furthermore in the DSM (The Diagnostic and Statistics Manual) there is a section that describes certain patterns of behaviour and syndromes that are specialized to certain areas and places around the world. Psychologists call this ‘culture- bound syndromes’ which content that there are no universal standards when labelling individuals as abnormal, as disorders vary in conjunction to where you and the disorder originate. There is another way to define abnormal behaviour another model is ‘Failure to retard out nicely’.Failure to affair adequately from the sufferer’s point of view manifests itself when they are unable to struggle with the da ily demands of life such as working, interacting with others meaningfully, therefore labelling their own behaviour as abnormal; resulting in an individual seeking medical attention. David Rosenhan & Martin Seligman (1989) stated that there are a various features of mental defectiveness other than paroxysm and maladaptiveness. Other features are unconventional behaviour, reviewer discomfort, violation of moral standards, loss of control and irrationality.However serious displaying one of the above features is of no great significance, it is the front line of several that would define abnormal behaviour. (www. integratedsociopsychology. net) There are further limitations to this model when defining abnormality, as the affected role or professional has to recognise the loser to campaign adequately is apparent, which is opinion based and may differ. For instance an individual may think their maladaptive abnormal behaviour is perfectly normal and they are make do fine, meanw hile not being able to wrap up their inability to cope, sequentially others may find their behaviour very distressing.However someone displaying adaptive, abnormal habits such as Obsessive Compulsive Disorder whilst not constitute a threat to themselves or society could lull be classified as being abnormal due to unconventional behaviour. Showing signs of distress, irrationality and maladaptive behaviour would usually result in being classed as abnormal but this may not always be the case; for example covering signs of distress such as being down(p) may be classed as abnormal behaviour but the individual may feel fine even happy.Again when showing signs of irrationality, you may be causing no harm to professing that you may be Jesus but irrational thoughts about terminal and killing for instance would raise concern, in turn maladaptive behaviour can be show when an individual self-harms or mutilates we would class them as enactment abnormal behaviour whereas smoking can be se en as self-harming but not enough beat to be classed as mentally ill due to maladaptive tendencies. heathenish relativity plays a crucial part in this feature when defining abnormalities as each culture functions in different ways, hence the failure to function needs to be assessed according to their culture. For example, in the United Kingdom leapers are viewed as family members even as companions and the harming of, especially eating a dog is a criminal offense punishable by law. Therefore this behaviour would be considered abnormal; whereas in China, dogs are eaten as part of a meal and keeping a dog in the national as a pet would be viewed as abnormal behaviour in China.The standard of one culture cannot be used to judge another as the symptoms and diagnosis are dependent on the cultural i contests and standards upheld by the individual patient. Alternatively another approach used to define abnormal behaviour is ‘Deviating from ideal mental health’. This model uses the analogous approach used when detecting sensual illness, when diagnosing a physical illness physician’s look for signs of physical health such as regular heartbeat; normal body temperature and so on , so an absence of one of these signs would signal illness.In 1958, Marie Jahoda through research and secondary evidence developed a theory that if physical illness can be detected by the absence of the standard ‘signs’ of health then alternatively mental health could be also. (en. wikipedia. org) The characteristics she identified as defining someone as being of ‘Ideal Mental Health’ include having an accurate view of reality, integration and ability to deal with stressful situations, capability to grow, develop and adjust, also being able to function at work and hold positive relations even the ability to love.In view of this model it shows that the absence of one the above criteria would indicate an abnormality even a potential mental condi tion. With all models there are limitations, according to this particular model the majority of people in general would be classed as abnormal or suffering a mental disorder of some kind as most people lack one of the beat. Marie Jahoda did say that it was the ‘Ideal’ mental health so it would be difficult to gauge the level of abnormality depending on the amount of criterion an individual maybe lacking.For example someone could be lacking the criterion of personal growth and actualisation resulting in a lack of drive and ambition, but that individual may be completely happy even satisfy regarding the situation; according to Jahoda they would be still viewed as mentally ill rather than just ambitionless and lacking motivation. Despite Marie Jahoda using a similar technique used to define physical illness, physical illness have physical causes such as a cough due to contracting a virus whereas being diagnosed as having a mental illness, atients and psychologists are no t always presented with physical signs as most mental illnesses derive from trauma in life, for that reason the diagnosis of a mental illness cannot be identified in exactly the identical way as a physical illness. Cultural relativism is a compelling limitation as different cultures have different ways of expressing their ‘Ideal’ mental health.For example, according to Jahoda an absence of the criterion of self-actualization would indicate the mien of a mental disorder but that is because the westerly world strives for individuality and acclaim, however some tribal communities in Africa and the Amazon act as a collective and concentrate on working as a group and sharing every grimace of daily life, if the Jahoda criterion was measured against an Amazonian tribe they would be deemed as mentally ill rather than being a caring tightknit community, the cross cultural differences are too much of an dominating factor.The different models exposit all differ in perspective s. Failure to function adequately focuses on the individual’s mind of abnormal functioning, deviating from social norm concentrates on other people’s perspective and deviating from ideal mental health is an amalgamation of the first two models without winning into account subjective feelings.The classification and definition of abnormal behaviour has many successful approaches but as a single model is not adequate enough to correctly define abnormalities, although each model definitely gives a good indication, it’s the combination of the described models commonly known as the multi-criteria approach that successfully aids psychologists in correctly defining and diagnosing abnormal behaviour correctly in a patient.References Cardwell, R. Flanagan, C. (2008) Psychology AS: The Complete Companion. Oxford University wardrobe: Great Clarendon Street, Oxford OX2 6DP. Accessed 15. 10. 12 http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Marie_Jahoda Accessed 21. 10. 12 http://www. int egratedsociopsychology. net/Defining_Abnormality/7FeaturesofAbnormality-DavidRosenhan&M. hypertext markup language Accessed 16. 10. 12\r\n'

'Montana 1948 Practice Essay Essay\r'

'Topic: â€Å"At the heart of ‘ metric ton 1948’ is the appointment surrounded by hard-corety to the family and vocation to the federation”. To what extent do you agree?\r\nIn Larry Watson’s ‘Montana 1948’, there is an overwhelming contravene amidst truth to family and duty to the society. The Hayden family argon very hard-core to nonpareil another tho this liegety goes likewise far and causes conflict. In the Hayden family, there is a neediness of duty to the community and this creates some small-t bear tension. When tidy sum assay to be loyal to their family, they are unable to be loyal to the community as well, creating inner conflict. In the heart of ‘Montana 1948’ is the conflict between trueness to family and duty to the community.\r\nLoyalty in the Hayden family nurtures the conflicts, as loyal decisions and actions go too far. The Haydens are very loyal to one another and Wesley and Julian (in particular), put their family first. later bluff committed his crimes of rape, David’s father â€Å"knew he was guilty”. Yet Wesley lets point-blank get out-of-door with it, because they are brothers and in their eyes, family is the first priority. This loyalty creates conflict not just to the wider community, but to their own family as well. The relationship between Julian and Wesley is a affright one at certain points in the novel. Julian â€Å"wanted, he needed, power”, and he gets this power from the situation he has over his child, Wesley (and the community itself).\r\nJulian is uninterested of heart-to-heart’s crimes and asserts his dismissive behaviour upon Wesley, influencing the decisions Wesley births. As a result of Julian’s authority, feature with his intimidating nature and his ‘family first’ views, Wesley fails to make decisions of his own that aren’t affected by the pressures of other people. Wesley informs Gail tha t Frank will â€Å" throw to meet his punishment in the hereafter”, and that he â€Å"won’t do anything to arrange it in this life”. He says these things because he is afraid of Julian. Loyalty in Hayden family creates conflict inwardly the family itself.\r\nIn the small community of Mercer County, Montana, there is a lack of duty to serve others, and this creates conflict. The lack of duty in the community\r\non Wesley’s behalf is lastly what kills Marie Little Soldier. (However that’s not to say that Frank’s actions had little to do with her end.) If Wesley’s actions and decisions were different, and then Marie’s life could have been saved. Marie’s death creates conflict between the Haydens and the rest of the community, as the lies and deceptions coffin nail her death remain mostly secret. People in power abuse those in the community that have little to none, preventing the less privileged to come foregoing and t his creates tension.\r\n obligation to the Mercer County lacks the most in dickens ways. Firstly, there is prejudice towards the native Indians from a lot of people in town. And secondly, there is an unjust procedure of legal philosophy that Wesley carries out when handling his brother, Frank. Wesley is a prime archetype of a character that does not fulfil his duties to the community. Wesley â€Å"believed Indians, with scarcely a few exceptions, were ignorant, lazy, superstitious, and irresponsible”. Wesley also says that Frank â€Å"didn’t want to be locked up in the jail”, and that he â€Å"would respect that”. The less the community is served by Wesley, the more the conflict builds between them. Duty to the community in Mercer County is lacking, causing tension to build.\r\n on that point is a conflict between the loyalty towards family and the loyalty towards the community, as the loyalty towards both of these groups, struggles to coexist. Wesley is in a tough situation where the choices he makes are vital. But, the decisions are frequently ones that will affect family in one way, and the community in another. In other words, when his choices make a positive impact on the community, they often have a negative effect on family (and vice versa).\r\nWesley â€Å"believes that in this world people moldiness pay for their crimes”, yet he is torn between justice and family when it comes to forming a resolution. in that location is conflict at heart Wesley himself as he battles with the difficult choices between fortune the community, and being loyal to his family. If Wesley jails Frank, then he helps the community, but betrays family; and if Wesley lets Frank roam free, he helps his brother, but betrays the community. There is inner conflict residing in Wesley’s thoughts, as loyalty towards family and the loyalty towards the community fail to go hand-in-hand.\r\nLarry Watson’s ‘Montana 1948’ i s a text that addresses the conflict between loyalty to family and duty to the community. Loyalty in the Hayden family goes further than it should and tension builds among their relationships. The Haydens are inadequate in their obligations to the community, stirring up tension between these two social groups. Loyalty to family can’t coexist with loyalty to the community, fostering the inner conflicts of certain individuals. In Mercer County, family and the community are two separate entities, and the dedications make to either of these groups prove cataclysmic, when loyalty goes too far.\r\n'

'Monet’s Waterlilies Essay\r'

'For as long as I can remember, water lilies have evermore been a sign of intermissionfulness to me. This is one of the reasons I have always been drawn to Claude Monet’s noseband circuit everywhere the Water-lily pool (1905). The putting surface hues in this bandage acquire me a feeling of happiness. The straddle over the Water-lily Pond has a sense of tranquilizeness and tranquility. in that respect exists such expression and emotions from the impasto in this temporary hookup as well.\r\nThe foreground is filled with beautiful water lilies rudderless atop a peaceful consortium. In the midriff ground is the famous Japanese bridge with some green shrubbery. In the background there argon tall droopy trees somewhat like willows.\r\nMonet uses affectation to wee his tranquil mood throughout the moving-picture show. He uses cool tricks such as green and purple. He also uses black, brown, white, yellow, and pink. there utilizes his limitless color range. Mone t’s choice of colors is expressive and emblematic for the mood. For example, the green emphasizes peacefulness and the yellow adds the warm calm feeling.\r\nTexture is a significant element employ in this trance. The firearm shows the rough, thickness of the paint. Monet uses the effect of existing texture so, for example, if you were to go up and touch the painting you would be able to feel the impasto.\r\nAnother measurable element employ in this piece is prise/light within the atmosphere. There are highlights bring in on the pond, using white and yellow, where the light is shining. Also, there are shadows, using black and brown, where the trees are stoppage the light.\r\nIt is apparent where the emphasis in this piece is centered. The bridge is the only one focal point in this painting. The lines from the trees and shrubbery lead your eye toward the center where the bridge is centered. These lines are imperative to create movement toward the focal point.\r\n onen ess is the principle that holds this piece together. The color in this prowess has the cohesion needed to make everything similar. Also, the texture helps to bring unity into the piece by giving everything some other similarity along with the color. In addition, unity allows the piece to be aesthetically pleasing.\r\nMonet uses fossil oil on canvas tent for the bridge over the Water-lily Pond. Due to the fact that Monet used oil paint, he had the ability to create a thickness of paint, layering it on the canvas. Monet used the technique of impasto, which also gives the painting that rough looking quality on the canvas. If Monet had chosen a different type of forte he would not have been able to create the layered look as he did in this piece. It is that rough, layered, impasto look which assists in the emotion and feeling of this painting. This piece would not be the same without the expressionism created from that particular medium.\r\nMonet’s piece is displayed in the W est Pavilion impressionist Gallery at The Getty Center in Los Angeles. It is in an extravagant, gold color frame covered in intricate designs and the walls are of a dark, earthy brown color. The color of the walls gives the gallery a warm sense. There is a skylight overhead, which has a cover that automatically changes with the lighting outside of the gallery. Also, there is overhead spotlighting at the top of the ceiling, around the skylight, which is pointed toward each piece.\r\nThe painting on the left is ‘The Rue Mosnier’ with Flags by Edouard Manet. It is oil on canvas and it was do in 1878. The painting on the right is After the Bath by Edgar Degas. It is oil on canvas as well and was done approximately 1895. I believe these pieces detract from The Bridge over the Water-lily Pond due to the fact that many people tend to walk right by embellishs and atmospheric pieces. They go straight towards pieces with humans as the focal point because we as humans repair b etter to those pieces. However, I myself love Monet so I was drawn to his piece.\r\nClaude Monet’s Bridge over the Water-lily Pond (1905) gives you a place where you would want to be alone. It gives you the apathy that you perhaps might be looking for in your life. It is not just any ordinary landscape it is a sanctuary; it is a place of safety. This piece holds so much emotion just in its color and expressionism. No one should just nonchalantly walk past this piece, but should look thick(p) within the emotion and see the tranquility of the pond and how still the water lilies are resting. They should see peace as if they were looking at it through Monet’s eyes.\r\n'

'Heart Dissection Practical Report Essay\r'

'Introduction\r\nOn the of July 2002, a sheep’s union was examined by dissection. The nerve center is a brawn in all mammalian bodies that is apply to pump countercurrent and nutrients by means ofout the corpse.\r\nA sheep’s heart was used in this prac because like the gentle heart it has four chamber and is similar in size. Two of these chambers are receiving chambers called the unexpended-hand(a) and undecomposed atrium. The other(a) two are pumping chambers called the effective and left over(p) heart ventricle.\r\nThe reliability of the cycle of blood through with(predicate) the body depends on the sequence of contractions from the atrium and the ventricle. When constantly the atriums contract it is called the systolic phase. And when ever the ventricles contract, it is called the diastolic phase. These sequences plug the blood be given through the heart. These occur sensation after the other to create a heart beat.\r\nThe blood flow through the he art starts when the right atrium takes the blood that flows through the hypernym or substandard vena cava. The right atrium then fills with blood and the drag of the blood causes the tricuspid valve to open. The blood then travels through into the right ventricle where it pusses the blood into the pneumonic arteries. after this the blood is pumped into the lungs where it is oxygenated, the oxygenated blood travels through the left ventricle then pushes the blood through the aorta, which provides the body with blood.\r\nAims\r\nThe aims and goals of this procedure was to:\r\n1.Dissect and examine a mammalian heart\r\n2.Develop dissection skills\r\n3.An in-depth investigation into how the heart works.\r\nMaterials\r\nMaterials used in this dissection were:\r\n1.Sheep’s heart\r\n2.Scalpel\r\n3.Rubber gloves\r\n4.Dissection tray\r\n5.Paper\r\nProcedure\r\nThe kickoff step in the dissection is to put on the rubber gloves before use the raw hearts. Next was to place the sheep heart on the dissection tray. afterward that an exterior examination happened to detect the ring armour valves. Next was to locate a fatty field of battle on the heart to help guide the first incision into the heart.\r\nTwo incisions were required during the procedure. The first unity was to be parallel to the right ventricle. The incision moldiness be deep enough to cut into the ventricle to be able to get a veracious view.\r\nThe second was opposite the first to examine the other side of the heart, to be able to view the chordae tendinae.\r\nAfter the dissection is completed, the heart must be properly abandoned along with the gloves and hands must be washed.\r\nResults\r\n plot of heart valve system\r\nDiscussion\r\nDuring the dissection of the sheep heart, features of the muscle were detected. unity of these was that the left ventricle argue was thicker then the right ventricles. This is because it uses this extra muscle to propel the blood through the aorta to the rest of the body.\r\nAlso some stringy substances prop a kind of flap was found, this was soon do clear that it was the chordae tendinae. It is attached to the bicuspid valve and capillary muscle and had a remarkable strength because it had to work thorny in a high-pressure area and gibe the heart tougher.\r\nAlso in this region, the heart wall was wetter and slipperier then the rest of the heart. This was for extra lubrication.\r\nThe flow of blood was made clearer when the heart was opened up.\r\n plot of path of blood flow through the heart.\r\nThe educational activity of blood flow through the heart starts from superior or inferior vena cava to the right atrium. indeed it passes through the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle to the pulmonary arteries. The blood then goes to the lungs where it is oxygenated comes back down to the pulmonary veins to the left atrium, then passes through the bicuspid valve into the left ventricle where it is propelled through the aorta into the body.\r\n'

'Illiteracy: Education and Others Essay\r'

' illiteracy is noun which mingy unable to read and write or arrogate’t have primary tuition. we know that teaching and writing is only the source of learning education dustatically. the aim of formal education is to tame a man morally ethically as puff up as provide him the skills that tooshie be encouraging for him to stand with the underdeveloped societies. if we talk about illiteracy in broader sense , it is clear that it is not a good aspect of any companionship.\r\nPakistan is one of the developing countries. Pakistan is surviving for many problems included illiteracy. he problems started from an individual(a) and collectively effects the on the whole direct to where he belongs to. as we know that a society is an plaque and persons in groups argon the components of this organization , so if a Brobdingnagian group of organization is unable then(prenominal) how can they proceed the society. the improvement of a society is actually is the improvement of pe rsons. commonwealth hesitate to educated their children formally.\r\nThere are many reasons\r\n1. Poverty: the greet of formal and quality eduction is very high so a thus far middle part family cannot pass it. nd large number of our intelligent students cannot tucker education . ordinarily people of Pakistan struggle to pass on the basic needs of life and ignore this point it is a also a necessity of life. govt should get out programs and spend budgets for educational programs so that our country can also stand with the developed countries .\r\n2. Gender discrepancy : Pakistan is an Islamic republic . in Pakistan people even not educated religiously they don’t know the importance of knowledge that religion Islam defines them. so they don’t know the rights of others. uman beings can be divided into two catagories . phallic and female . male as the dominant kind , does not accord woman to get there rights in the society . the rights also include the right o f getting education. the nation is comprises of large numbers of females . women are the 49. 19% of the whole population. so due to gender inequality this class remains illiterate and causes the increasing rate of illiteracy . the literacy rate in Pakistan is 46% and this caused by the large no of females and engaged children with labor to support the family.\r\n3. Nawareness: normally people does not support the education ,firstly they say that it is a waste of money and time . a child should be skilled in order to support the family sparingly. the other misconception is that the children specially the female children go out get spoil if they go to school. some people think that the today’s educational system will spoil the religious concepts. this all misunderstandings are producing the illiterate generation. the public is under the pressure of economical and political disasters and cannot understand it though the only radical is literacy.\r\n'

'Leadership of General George S. Patton Essay\r'

'The pop the question of this question paper is to explore the different lead styles that widely distributed George S. Patton Jr. used throughout his life, (November 11, 1885 until celestial latitude 21, 1945). General Patton is oftentimes thought of as unitary of the most controversial generals in history. This paper go out concentrate on events that happened in his life and how his determination, go away and hard work helped him overcome and became a break away leader. It is evident that in a review of the research General Patton was able to achieve many his victor by determination and hard work to be the best in everything that he roach his brainiac to accomplish.\r\nHe was never happy, except when he was habituated the challenge of commanding men into battle. General Patton was a leader, a warrior and the most feared General by the Germans. General George S. Patton was a man who is often referred to as a great general, and leader of men who was equally hardly as con troversial. His career in the Army was often a struggle for him to advance and receive the experience that he deserved. This paper will cover the leading styles of General Patton during the early, whence during World War I.\r\n succeeding(a) it will cover World War II and finally I will give my mind on the subject. George S. Patton, who was sometime called Georgie, was an average child with the hopes and dreams of comme il faut a great military leader worry his Grandfather, Great-Grandfather and many of his other relatives (Regan, 1960).\r\nHe worked hard with his schoolman career to tried to get into watt grade the United States Military Academy, but he was non accepted at first. Not deterred by this set back, he went to Virginia Military Institute (VMI) for a grade (Reda, 2004). Even though he was going to VMI, he continued tirelessly to get accepted into West Point. Finally Patton was accepted into West Point, but he found it far more challenging then he imagined it wou ld. The major reason that he had fuss with the studies was because he was suffering from dyslexia, a disorder that caused everything to tang backwards (Reda, 2004). Although faced with these difficulties, George never gave up, even when he was forced to repeat his plebe year, due to poor academic performance. However this failure to progress just now strengthened his resolve and determination to better. In an perspiration of almost memorizing everything from his textbooks, he was able to achiev…\r\n'