How American Muslims Face Battles in Their Struggle for Acceptance and Essay

How American Muslims Face Battles in Their Struggle for Acceptance and the Right to Wear Religious Grab in Public Settings - Essay Example Just like all other religious communities in America, Muslims also have a right to carry out their religious activities and wear their traditional dresses at public sites and other events. Nevertheless, many Americans feel alarmed whenever they come across a Muslim man or woman in his or her customary dressing. Thus, measures are being taken by the Muslims of America and some political right activists. The root of this problem has been described as the widespread terrorist attacks by Muslim extremists, which has lead most Americans to believe that every man in a shalwar kameez should be a terrorist. In order to tackle this problem, senators have raised their voices to defend the civil rights of Muslim Americans, and have warned that the Muslim community should not be falsely judged, by the acts of a few radical ones. Senate Majority Whip Dick Durbin (D-Ill.) has declared that Muslims living in America should not be discriminated against and should be allowed to practice their right, which has been authorized by the constitution to other Americans. Hijab has been a heated topic in many parts of the world, with countries like France and Turkey attempting to ban it. In America, Muslim women outnumber Muslim men, four to one, as is reported Samuel Cole in his article ‘Donning the Hijab’. ... Furthermore, according to an article ‘Hijab in America’, encouraging legal actions are taking place in the United States. In 2004, a school girl was not allowed to wear a hijab. When the matter was taken to court, the United States Justice Department supported the girl in her argument. Also tips against discrimination of Hijab, have been issued by the Council on American-Islamic Relations, which advises Muslim women what to do when they are criticized for wearing Hijab in public or any workplace. It also assures the Muslim women that they are allowed to wear Hijab at their workplace under the 1964 Civil Rights Act. With a robust learning program, the Muslim community in America could convince their fellow Americans that hijab is just part of a Muslim woman, through which she can appear distinct from others and moreover it is something that represents religious freedom in America in contrast to other parts of the world, like France, where the government is adamant to ban Hijab regardless the continuous appeals by the Muslim population. It is a fact that Muslim women are discriminated more for wearing the customary dress than Muslim men, in America. Hijab has been an ongoing controversial topic in America, with most Americans unable to understand the true reason behind the wearing of the veil. This situation was unpleasant before the 9/11 attacks, and after that it just became worse. After the attacks, President Bush repeatedly cautioned the American population to be friendly towards the Muslim population and not to undermine their values. This was a positive approach towards the acceptance of the religious garb worn by American Muslims by the

There are many threats to global food supplies Essay Example for Free

There are many threats to global food supplies Essay The food security is a potential crisis to the world in terms of food supplies and food safety while the global population is projected to reach 9 billion by 2050 (Black, 2010). This essay, first of all, willjust focus on the threats to global food supplies from two main aspects: the threats caused by the objective factors in a broad sense, and the challenges attributed to the subjective factors which closely related to the human behavior.After the analysis of the problems, a number of feasible solutions will be suggested with the implications which will be further discussed accordingly. Â  Although population,conditions of technology and economy, and climate changes seem to be correlated with the human beings, they are both factors which cannot be changed by a simple policy or a short-term plan less than a decade. Therefore, in this essay, they are classified into the objective factors challenging the food supplies. As iscommonly known, population booming will directly lead to the severe shortage of land and water which are essential to the food production. Weak conditions in terms of technology and economy accelerate the ‘yield gap’ and aggravate the threat, making the poor area more vulnerable (Godfray, et al, 2010).Also, extreme weather along with the deterioration of global climate will damage the crops. Climate changes including global warming will change the seasonal patterns of pollination for crops which would influence their production (Slaght, 2012). Â   On the other hand, human factors contain more complicated reasons which are different from nations and industries. Generally, several main reasons can be concluded: mismanagement on ecosystems causes the dramatic decline in some species which eventually leads to the reduction of food supply(Slaght, 2012). Along with the regional industrialization, the exportations offruit and vegetables to developed countries displace local staple crops, which indirectly impacts the undeveloped areas suffering further from the malnourishment (Slaght, 2012). Besides, food waste du ring the transportation and processing, retail and home stages comprises a large proportion both in developed and developing countries (Godfray, et al, 2010).

A Visit to A Mosque In America Essay -- Descriptive Religion

A Visit to A Mosque In America Driving along the highway, all eyes are drawn as a magnet to the unique building with its golden dome and unusual architecture. The Islamic Center is located at the base of a residential street in a small neighborhood. The center houses an Islamic school, a community center, an international school and the Mosque, which is the place of worship for Muslims. There are many misconceptions regarding Islam and Muslims. In reality most Muslims are non-Arabs and most live outside the Middle East. There are five million Muslims in the United States. There are an estimated 10,000-15,000 Muslims in the area. Passing through the wrought iron gate, my eyes rivet to the cluster of flags to the right, one to reflect each of the 49-predominately Muslim countries. The United States flag is not among these as America is predominately Christian with Muslim being the third largest religion. Because America is our country and we are American Muslims, the American flag flows freely in the wind in a spot all its own. Next my gaze is drawn upward to the golden dome and crescent moon covering the Mosque. Many non-Muslims are of the belief that Muslims pray or worship a "moon god". We do not. We believe in the same God as Christians and Jews. We believe in the ‘oneness of God', the Creator of Abraham, Moses, and Jesus. The crescent moon reflects our practice of adhering to the lunar calendar, or God's calendar, rather than the Georgian calendar, or man's calendar. This is why many Mosques will have a crescent moon topping the domes. Each of the buildings is individual yet connected by covered walkways known by all who enter here as ‘bridges'. The Islamic Center community building holds cl... .... For a Muslim, Friday is the holy day and special services are held in early to mid-afternoon. The Mosque is open seven days a week and available for each of the daily prayers. Reflecting as I exit the wrought iron gate into the neighboring street, I see Muslims and Christian children playing together. I see a sign inviting everyone to an upcoming feast being held at the Community Center. I come to realize the many similarities between the Muslim and Christian faiths. The Islamic Center offers a great opportunity for non-Muslims who are curious about the faith and would like to know and understand more. The Islamic Center is open to the public for tours. At this time over 40,000 people have toured this facility. Set aside a couple of hours of your time to experience this unique community and enrich your cultural awareness. Schedule a tour for yourself.

The Joy of Reading and Writing: Superman and Me

â€Å"The Joy of Reading and Writing: Superman and Me† Reading â€Å"The Joy of reading and Writing: Superman and Me,† gave me a different perspective of reading and writing. Sherman Alexie, who grew up on the Spokane Reservation in Wellpinit, Washington, explains his life as an Indian boy, and how reading and writing helped his life to succeed. Alexie purposes is to discuss how he first learned how to read and write, his intelligence as a young Indian boy, and Alexie as an adult teaching creative writing to Indians children. Alexie learned not only how to read but to love reading. He used his love of reading to propel himself through the school system, removing himself from the stereotypical to be dumb, quiet, poor, and to fail in life. Alexie begins his essay with a self confidence tone. Alexie, while growing in the Indian Reservation, at the age of three he learned how to read by using Superman comics. Alexie taught himself how to read the comic books by looking at the pictures and dialogue and pretending to say aloud what he thinks the story might be saying. I look at the narrative above the picture. I cannot read the words, but I assume it tells me that Superman is breaking down the door. Aloud, I pretend to read the words and say, Superman is breaking down the door† (14). Alexie learned quickly how to read while many other Indian kids struggled to read basic words and vocabulary. â€Å"He reads Grapes of Wrath in kindergarten when other children are struggling through Dick and Jane† (15 ). After Alexie established his self confidence tone, Alexie shows his determination tone. Indian children were stereotypically supposed to fail in the classroom and most did. Indian boys who fail were accepted; those who did not were not accepted. Alexie was smart and he refused to fail, he never got intimidated, he always participated with the non-Indian peers in class. â€Å"I fought with my classmates on a daily basis. They wanted me to stay quiet when non-Indian teacher asked for answers, for volunteers, for help† (15). Alexie loved to read, he read everything he possible could, even if they were not books. Alexie wanted to be educated and refused to fail. â€Å"I refused to fail. I was smart. I was arrogant. I was lucky† (15). Alexie’s tone at end of the essay, he was proud and surprised of himself because he became a writer. Becoming a writer, Alexie started to write books for children and he started to teach creative writing at Indian Schools. Alexie is proud because he has the opportunity to help other Indian kids to succeed in life. â€Å"These days, I write novels, short stories, and poems. I visit schools and teach creative writing to Indian kids† (15). Most of the children in the Reservation read his books and write their own poems, and that makes Alexie proud of himself. But there are some of the children that who have already given up hope on themselves and sit in the back of the classroom and do not care anything for reading and writing. â€Å"Then there are the sullen and already defeated Indian kids who sit in the back rows and ignore me with theatrical precision† (16). Alexie is trying to break down their locked doors, and he is trying to save their lives by teaching them to read and write. Alexie refused to fail, instead he read different kind of books and he became strong reader and a smart Indian. Alexie read everything and everywhere he went. This is probably one of the reasons Alexie never fail in school and his succeed life, because he loved to learn. He also committed to help other Indian in the Reservation by helping them to learn how to read and write. Alexie purpose was to try to save their lives. â€Å"I am smart. I am arrogant. I am lucky. I am trying to save our lives† (16).

Improve own performance in a business environment Essay

1.1 – The purpose and benefits of continuously improving performance at work is important to enhance your career, moving up the organization that you are working in or getting a new job with the new founded skills. Also means that you have great pride in your work and before more efficient. Once you have improved in one thing there will always be something else you can improve on. Having monthly or yearly reviews in your workspace allows you to note down what you are good at and what you need to work on, allowing you to set goals for you to work at. 1.2 – The purpose and benefits of encouraging and accepting feedback from others is important to improve oneself in your work. When you gain feedback from others it enables you to have an outlook on what you are doing correct and what you are doing wrong. If you just go by your own feedback you will never work to your best ability because you wont criticize yourself. Take notice of feedback in all its forms – put all feedback in a curiosity frame: ask yourself how you can use it to avoid failures, or to repeat successes. Feedback can be both formal and informal in nature. For example, formal feedback can be in a meeting and informal feedback can be between colleagues asking how you were or how you did the last assignment. Ignoring feedback means you will just continue to do the same thing in the same way without improving on the way you are doing it. 1.3 – Learning and development can improve your own work, benefit organizations and identify career options by succeeding in workplace training courses, college based courses, private training courses and on the job training, such as shadowing a colleague. These courses may ask for a fee but they are always worth doing. It allows you to learn new skills or try out skills that you have not yet used. Team building exercises are always good if you work alone because it puts you in a different environment, it tests you to see how you would cope. You will gain leadership from these experiences but will also learn how to follow someone other than yourself. This will not only improve your work life but will always show through your work. You will become independent but also know to ask for help or feedback on your work. 1.4 – Possible progression routes for your career would be either moving up in your career for example into management. Or it could be moving to another department you in your work space. This means that you will have to meet new people, use new skills and progress as you would when doing a course. Another progression route would be to change your career completely. You may be doing a job you like but there may always be something you would love to do. Searching on behalf of this dream, you can find courses to do, research how to do it, become an independent company. This will further your career and be useful for future job roles. 1.5 – Possible development opportunities are increasing the skills to do the job at hand or a future job that you are trying to get. Some of the ways to do this are shadowing a colleague, reading articles and journals. Taking notes on new things will help with this. Experience with a new skill, such as meeting new clients. This type of skill you can do at home in front of a mirror or just ask someone to help and let them be the client. The possibilities are endless but being prepared will always be the first thing to remember when you want to develop.

Word Games to Improve Your Writing

Word Games to Improve Your Writing Word Games to Improve Your Writing Word Games to Improve Your Writing By Ali Hale It’s hard work to increase your vocabulary by memorising long lists of words and definitions, or to improve your spelling by constantly writing out words you get wrong. Why not try playing some word-based games instead? If you have kids, these are great ways to help them with their writing skills whilst having fun! Scrabble A hugely popular board game (and even available on Facebook), Scrabble involves creating words from â€Å"tiles†, each with a letter on. You need two to four players, each of whom starts the game with seven tiles. The first player must make a full word from the tiles in their hand. After that, each person must create a word that overlaps one already on the board – a bit like words on a crossword puzzle. You can create more than one word by cunning positioning of your tiles, but the tiles you put down on the board must go in a straight line forming one main word. Each word gets a score based on the letters used, After you’ve played, you take more letters from the tile bag, until it’s eventually empty. Scrabble is great for building up your vocabulary – though you may want to introduce a â€Å"house rule† that everyone should be able to use the word they’ve played in a sentence. Certain members of my family have a â€Å"crib sheet† of two-letter words like â€Å"el† and â€Å"ny† (you can get a list of official two-letter words here). Scrabble is also a good game to help you with spelling; there’s nothing worse than playing what you think is a killer move only to be told you’ve spelt the word wrong. There are some variants of Scrabble such as Upwords, a 3D version (you can stack the letter tiles on top of one another). Crosswords In the UK, almost every daily newspaper has a crossword. Some are easy and some are fiendishly hard! A crossword is a series of white squares, each representing a letter, which overlap. The words can go â€Å"down† or â€Å"across†, and each word has a number corresponding to a clue. Once you’ve solved a clue, you can fill in that word. For practising your spelling and vocabulary, you’ll probably want to avoid â€Å"cryptic† crosswords (where the clue only relates obliquely to the answer – for example, you might have to form an anagram from words in the clue to find the answer). Some crosswords also rely on a high level of literary or historical knowledge. You might want to start by trying some crosswords available online. A fun variant on the crossword is to start with a completed one and then make up the clues – this could be a great game to play with kids or friends to think up some unusual definitions of words. Hangman A popular pen-and-paper game, Hangman can help with spelling, vocabulary and recognising letter patterns. It’s most suited to kids or people who are still learning English. You need two players. One, the ‘Hangman’ thinks up a word and writes down a series of dashes on a piece of paper, each dash representing one letter. So a five letter word would look like this: __ __ __ __ __ The other player must guess letters, one at a time. If the letter appears in the word, the Hangman writes that letter over the appropriate dash. If the letter doesn’t appear, the Hangman writes it in a corner of the paper, and draws the next section of the scaffold to ‘hang’ the other player. The aim for the Hangman is to pick a word which the other player won’t guess before the scaffold is complete. The aim for the player is to guess the word before being ‘hanged’! There are full instructions at Wikipedias Hangman page. You can play an online version of Hangman designed for students of English as a Foreign Language at English Banana. Consequences To play consequences, you’ll need at least three people (the more the better), and a sheet of paper per person. It’s a great game for parties – whether young or old – and would be a good ice-breaker for a writers’ workshop. The game goes like this: Each player writes down a man’s name – it’s funniest if it’s someone the group knows, maybe a political figure – folds the top of the paper over to hide it, and passes it on. Everyone writes down â€Å"met† and a woman’s name – again, try picking a famous person – folds the paper again, and passes it on. This time, write â€Å"at† or â€Å"in† and the place where they met. Next, write â€Å"He said†¦Ã¢â‚¬  and a line of dialogue. (Fold, pass it on†¦) Now, write â€Å"She said†¦Ã¢â‚¬  and a line of dialogue. (Fold, pass it on†¦) Finally, write the consequence, eg. â€Å"And they lived happily ever after† – but be more imaginative than that! Pass the papers on one more time. Everyone unfolds their paper, and takes it in turn to read out the mini story. This always leads to some funny stories, and if you’re playing it with your kids, you might want to use â€Å"teachers’ names† or â€Å"cartoon characters†. It’s a great way to introduce story telling techniques to children, or to come up with some off-the-wall ideas with a group of adults. It might also help you with dialogue skills or comic writing techniques. Do you have a favourite writing game? Has it helped you to improve your English – or helped your kids with their spelling? Or do you just play for fun? Let us know in the comments †¦ Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the General category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Farther vs. Further50 Nautical Terms in General UsePredicate Complements

Well, we know its big - Emphasis

Well, we know its big Well, we know its big David Cameron has referred to it as his mission and his passion, but it does seem that very few people are entirely sure what the Big Society is actually all about. This isnt too surprising when even those well and truly behind the idea are not helping matters. Phillip Blond, director of the think tank ResPublica, and according to the Telegraph a driving force behind David Camerons Big Society agenda, has argued the case for the policy in the Independent. He guides the people thus: Public sector mutualisation and budgetary takeover by citizens of the state is a crucial initial phase in endowing ordinary citizens with the power to ensure that the services they run are operated in a way that combines public interest with economic efficiency and localised employee ownership building in all the gains that this model delivers. Writing this convoluted and opaque will do very little to clarify the concept for the ordinary citizens it claims to want to empower. In relation to this, one letter to the Independent quoted Nobel prize-winner Peter Medawar: People who write obscurely are either unskilled in writing or up to mischief. The writer then commented: I dont think Mr Blond is unskilled in writing. If Cameron and co. are to defend the Big Society as more than (as some rumours have it) a slightly sinister cover for the cuts, they need to put away the thesaurus and use considerably fewer big words.

The Impotence of Proofreading

The Impotence of Proofreading The Impotence of Proofreading The Impotence of Proofreading By Daniel Scocco Its a fact that a spell checker will not catch all the mistakes on your text. More specifically, it will not catch misspellings that form other valid words. So how do you solve this problem? Proofreading, of coarse! Just read again through youre text trying to spot words that dont fit, and make sure to not loose the focus while you do it. Proofreading is sometimes more important then using the spell checker itself. You should proofread virtually any written piece, from emails to blog posts. Proofread your homework as well, since you dont want to drive the principle of your school crazy. Lets be honest, misspelled words are defiantly a sign of ignorance. The simple act of proofreading will have a great affect on the quality of your material, and I am sure that youll earn more complements from people. Their you go my friend, and take this advice seriously. After all, you dont want to look dumb in front of the general pubic! P.S. Can you find all the mistakes? Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Writing Basics category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:7 English Grammar Rules You Should KnowUsed To vs. Use To50 Synonyms for â€Å"Villain†

Ethics and Moral Principles Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Ethics and Moral Principles - Essay Example The application of moral philosophies to business enterprises is a challenging undertaking especially considering the fact that the market is a mix of various personalities and culture, therefore what seems to be right for one party may be unbecoming for another. This, Hume & Sayre-McCord (2006), emphasize, calls for careful attention when applying these philosophies in diverse world with a mix of personalities Owing to the fact that business ethics is an extension of moral philosophy, several businesses come up with specific organizational culture that enables them to concentrate on enhancing their employees’ moral responsibility. The creation of organizational culture has the benefit of producing honest employees with a refined business ethics. Perhaps application of moral philosophy like enforcing codes of behavior within an organization fosters discipline among the employees in the end. Moral philosophies play a major role as far as employee relations and public perception are concerned. Most people use these philosophies as the yardsticks for determining the moral standing and perception of the organization (Hume & Sayre-McCord, 2006). Ferrell, Fraedrich, and Ferrell (2013) confirm that the behavior of individuals is solely a function of their moral ethics and these in turn affect their ability to make wise and informed decisions. Moral philosophy is an integral part of behavior and decision making in that it shapes the individual ethics of various employees in a business setting for example an employee may decide not to participate in office gossip. Due to the damaging nature of the talks, the employee makes an ethical decision, duly guided by the moral philosophies that they uphold. Employees who embrace the moral philosophy will tend to make wiser decisions in any environment. This philosophy also has the tendency of polishing their general behavior. Another element of behavior and decision-making is the engagement and participation in corporate social responsibility (Ferrell, Fraedrich, & Ferrell, 2013).  This may include the employees taking the initiative to help the needy, and actively participating in improving the social and economic conditions of the immediate environment. Individuals act in a responsible manner and shun self-interest to devoting service to humanity due to the virtues that moral philosophy instills on them. This shift of behavior and decision-making skills is beneficial both to the organization, and to the public at local and regional levels (Ferrell, Fraedrich, & Ferrell, 2013).   With many organizations across the world adopting moral philosophies in their business environment, certain global strategic plans have received a boost, as they require the spirit of moral and ethical responsibility from each one of us (Gillroy, & Bowersox, 2002).  . A classic example is the going green initiative. Virtually all organizations participate in environmental conservation activities like reducing and reu sing environmental waste. This global initiative propelled by moral philosophy, has attained major milestone in curbing global warming that is part of the global strategic plan. Hence, moral philosophies have a positive impact on the global strategic planning. Gillroy, and Bowersox (2002) state that moral philosophies may have a significant impact in the alleviation of poverty around the world especially in the hard hit nations in Africa through embracing the recommendation

The Economic Environment and Anatomy of Business Essay - 1

The Economic Environment and Anatomy of Business - Essay Example The connection between demand and provide underlie the forces behind the allocation of resources. In economy theories, demand and provide theory can portion resources within the best approach doable. Census shows demand reasonable housing so much outstripped offer when the quantity of reasonable units rose, researchers say. Speak the housing crisis typically revolves round the scores of owners United Nations agency, unable to cater for their mortgage repayments, have lost their homes to proceedings. Renters have had it laborious, though, and therefore the enhanced population of homeowners-turned-renters has restricted reasonable rental choices for the less lucky, significantly in residential district Cook County. Looking at bureau information between the year 2007 and the year 2011, researchers in DePaul Universitys Institute of Housing Studies found demand for reasonable housing so much-outstripped offer when the quantity of reasonable units rose (Henderson and Hubert, 20). In 2007, there have been 118,794 residential district Cook County renter households that earned one hundred fifty percent of federal poverty line or $34,532 annually, and will afford a rent of $863.29. It means they paid no quite thirty percent of their financial gain on rent and utilities. That year, the provision of these units within the suburbs destroyed 71138, going away the reasonable housing wants of virtually 48,000 renters unmet. By 2011, despite the quantity of reasonable housing sectors rose to 85,176, demand for those units exceeded offer by nearly sixty thousand households (Hopkins and James, 12). The mate between offer and demand for reasonable units within the town of Chicago grew similarly. However, the gap wasnt as pronounced. "Theres continually attending to be a spot," aforesaid Geoff Smith, the institutes executive. "Its the expansion of the gap. They are not enough to accommodate them affordably. Because the gap grows, that

Radioisotopes in Medicine Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Radioisotopes in Medicine - Essay Example There are neutrons found in the nucleus. These are the neutrons which give an element a radioactive status. Unlike the protons, these neutrons are found in the different number of different at atoms of the same element and based on this difference in the number of neutrons the isotope status is acquired by an element. The sum of protons and neutrons in an atom is called its atomic mass. So atomic number of all atoms of an element is the same but atomic mass could be different (Medical isotopes). There are some elements which decay and are converted to isotopes that posses the properties of unstable isotopes; examples are uranium and thorium. The same isotopes can be generated artificially when it does not exist naturally in some elements. This is achieved by a combination of protons and neutrons. These radioisotopes can be obtained through a variety of ways but the most frequent way of producing radioisotopes is by neutron activation in a nuclear reactor. There are two major outcomes which give radioisotope status to an element, either by gaining a neutron and making an atom neutron rich or by gaining a proton and resulting in proton rich atom. The unstable state of a radioisotope is converted to stable one by the emission of alpha or beta particle with some energy release in the form of gamma rays. In fact, this is radioactive decay of that atom. In medicine, these radioactive products are termed as radiopharmaceuticals (Medical isotopes).   Around the first decade of the last century there had been some initial, discussions on the issues of radioactivity and radioisotopes like thorium and ionium. Most of the radioisotopes which are in more frequent use today were discovered during the third decade of the last century. Radioactive isotopes like, iodine-131, cobalt-60, technetium-99m and others were discovered during a short period of three years (1938-1941) (Radioisotopes for diagnosis and treatment).   Till mid-seventies of the last century there was not much development in the field when some newly discovered radioisotopes along with technetium-99m revolutionized the field of nuclear medicine when technetium-generator made it practical to convert inactive pharmaceuticals to be labelled on the hospital premises (Radioisotopes in medicin). In 1980s, gamma cameras performance was improved through computer integration which helped in enhancing the processes and eventually the quantification of the radioactivity emitted. (Radioisotopes in medicin). Around the last decade of the last century the image quality as well as details were made improved with the help of single photon emission computer tomography (SPECT) systems. Radioisotopes utilization in Medicine   Radioisotopes have been utilized in medicine very extensively for preventive, diagnostic, therapeutic and prognostic purposes.

Analysis of Vodafone and its competitive environment Essay

Analysis of Vodafone and its competitive environment - Essay Example Conclusion 10 5.1 Summary 10 5.2 Final analysis 10 5.3 Conclusion 11 5.4 SWOT 11 References 12 Appendix 13 1. Introduction The continuous increase of competition in all industries worldwide is one of the major challenges that modern organizations have to face. The ability of a particular firm, Vodafone, to secure its market position is reviewed in this paper. Particular emphasis is given on the competitive environment of the organization but also on the firm’s current strategies for competing its rivals. The report aims to show the potentials of the organization to increase its competitiveness; at the same time, effort is made to show whether there are any factors, in the firm’s internal or external environment, that could threaten the organization’s performance, either in the short or the long term. A series of theories and frameworks are employed in order to explore the issues described above: the Porter’s Five Forces and the Life Cycle Analysis are used for analysing the industry in which the firm operates; the analysis of the industry in which the firm operates is included in the first part of the paper. ... 2. Overview Competition in the UK telecommunications industry is strong. The findings of the industry analysis and of the internal analysis lead to the assumption that Vodafone has developed appropriate strategies for securing its market share in UK. Despite its significant performance, Vodafone needs to identify strategies that would help to the standardization of the firm’s performance in the future. The firm’s existing strategies seem to be quite satisfactory, in terms of their value in supporting the organization’s competitiveness. Still, there are certain issues related to the firm’s internal and external environment that need to be addressed appropriately, aiming to improve the firm’s position towards its competitors. 3. Industry analysis 3.1 Porter’s five forces Porter’s five forces model aims to help the identification of industries, which are highly offered for organizational growth, since the risks involved are limited (Barne y 1991); thus, the operations of a firm that would decide to enter such industry would not be threatened. Another important characteristic of the particular model (Figure 4, Appendix) is the following one: it helps to understand the effects of ‘a firm’s attributes on its environment’ (Barney 1991, p.100). After identifying the conditions in a firm’s environment, it would be easier to check whether the firm has achieved ‘to establish a value created strategy which is quite difficult for competitors to duplicate’ (Barney 1991, p.102), i.e. whether it has a ‘sustained competitive advantage’ (Barney 1991, p.102) or not. In order to understand the potentials and the

As a condition of voting, should people be required to demonstrate Essay

As a condition of voting, should people be required to demonstrate that they have an adequate understanding of how the American government works Why or Why not - Essay Example Voting is a high stalk game because wrong voting can lead to unjust wars, calamitous economic policies and needless wars. That is why voters should make the right decision while voting based on sound evidence that will lead to best policing and promote the common good rather than on self-interest. Voting is not a duty for everyone because some people vote based on their self-interest, while others are politically incompetent, and others are ignorant. If this kind of people votes then they owe it to the other citizens both voters and no-voters. There is nothing wrong by being ignorant in politics, misinformed or coming up with particular political belief so long as you do not impose your views on people by voting (Brennan, 2012). Research done indicate that most America voters are clueless on issues concerning political. If asked question on political, for instance, if they prefer diplomacy to military action in solving international conflict. Most lack ideas on what to say; others tend to refer to what they hard on television. If asked why they prefer one candidate to the others, they answer ignorantly and just say that they just like the way that person talks. If an individual cannot discuss rationally on foreign issues, name the staple of liberal ideology, or change their thoughts in response to information they are not able to remember. Then that people is better if he does not vote. Most voters vote based on partisan voting, which in most cases they inherit from their parents. Those who vote genuinely based on of facts are very few. Survey done in the 2000 and 2004 elections suggest that most voters behave politically just like voter of the 1950s. However, some scholars think that their colleagues have set the bar high of what is expected of the voters. Voting is an ethical issue and how we vote matters a lot. In our voting, we can create a better government or a worse one and

I will attach the Topic and instruction Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

I will attach the Topic and instruction - Essay Example 013).On the other hand the Democrats considered it as â€Å"nonsense† (Austin, 2013).They accused the Republicans of exploiting the voter-ID law to create hurdles for the poor citizens of Texas and the minorities. The Law involved the active participation of the Texas Legislature, Senate and House, Gov. Rick Perry, federal government and the U.S. Department of Justice. The Law was passed accordingly under the supervision of the Legislature of Texas after three legislative rounds and six years. The House approved its version in March, 101- 48. After contrasts between the Senate and House versions were resolved, both chambers approved the final version, in May, SB 14 and forwarded it to Gov. Rick Perry, who had announced the issue a crisis item at an earlier period in the session. Notwithstanding, more than a year and a full election cycle after its entry, the law is still not in effect, its incorporation first held up by the U.S. Division of Justice, then denied by a federal circuit court. Its extreme destiny was chosen by the U.S. Supreme Court. During the time of July 2011, Texas formally asked the Justice Department to "preclear" the law and permit it to become effective from Jan. 1, 2012. The federal government had 60 days to go for one out of the three alternatives: support the solicitation, deny it or request more data (The Texas Tribune, n.d .). The issue affected the women of Texas to a large extent since after marriage their surnames often get changed. While a few Americans headed to twitter to express their backing for the new voting regulations, others utilized the medium to whine about not having their vote numbered or being compelled to go through excessive complications, for instance putting signature on a sworn affidavit. Furthermore to underscore the perplexity that these laws have fashioned the nation over, a few voters didnt realize what sort of recognizable proof, if any, they required to produce. There are also accounts of poll workers asked to

As a condition of voting, should people be required to demonstrate Essay

As a condition of voting, should people be required to demonstrate that they have an adequate understanding of how the American government works Why or Why not - Essay Example Voting is a high stalk game because wrong voting can lead to unjust wars, calamitous economic policies and needless wars. That is why voters should make the right decision while voting based on sound evidence that will lead to best policing and promote the common good rather than on self-interest. Voting is not a duty for everyone because some people vote based on their self-interest, while others are politically incompetent, and others are ignorant. If this kind of people votes then they owe it to the other citizens both voters and no-voters. There is nothing wrong by being ignorant in politics, misinformed or coming up with particular political belief so long as you do not impose your views on people by voting (Brennan, 2012). Research done indicate that most America voters are clueless on issues concerning political. If asked question on political, for instance, if they prefer diplomacy to military action in solving international conflict. Most lack ideas on what to say; others tend to refer to what they hard on television. If asked why they prefer one candidate to the others, they answer ignorantly and just say that they just like the way that person talks. If an individual cannot discuss rationally on foreign issues, name the staple of liberal ideology, or change their thoughts in response to information they are not able to remember. Then that people is better if he does not vote. Most voters vote based on partisan voting, which in most cases they inherit from their parents. Those who vote genuinely based on of facts are very few. Survey done in the 2000 and 2004 elections suggest that most voters behave politically just like voter of the 1950s. However, some scholars think that their colleagues have set the bar high of what is expected of the voters. Voting is an ethical issue and how we vote matters a lot. In our voting, we can create a better government or a worse one and

Critically analyze the major HRM systems of HP Essay

Critically analyze the major HRM systems of HP - Essay Example HP, is used strategically to shape and reinforce a certain type of culture by reinforcing certain ideas, norms, and behavior and by discouraging others. Strong values are passed down by the management and then reinforced by procedures and rituals that emphasize and reward desired behaviors in tandem with a cultural network that is consisted of a system of communication that is used as a tool to disseminate values and create corporate heroes. (Barry 2000, p. 107) This paper will explore the processes involved behind the HP HRM strategy, particularly the organizations rigorous selection and recruitment methods and the emphasis on employee training, compensation and performance evaluation. It is important to underscore that HP, along with IBM, initiated the antecedents of HRM in its studies of non-unionized employee management. For HP, HRM has always been associated with the kind of people management that placed a great deal of emphasis on gaining the commitment of individual employees to organizational goals. Confidence in and respect for our people as opposed to depending upon extensive rules, procedures and so on; which depends upon people to do their job right (individual freedom) without constant directives. (Gratton 1999, p. 109) One needs to remember that HP is now known worldwide as a company that continually creates innovative products and processes. That is why HP wants to recruit not just the best people but those skilled and committed to work in an entrepreneurial team-based environment that breeds innovation. According to Dexter Dunphy (2002), the core approach that drives HP’s way in developing its human capital lie in the following strategies: The above-mentioned strategies supposedly make it possible for HP to be able to quickly respond to the requirements of the market and the customers’ expectations. Such strategies are anchored on the development of enabling departmental structures like the utilization of smaller departments and

Pitts Repressive Policy Essay Example for Free

Pitts Repressive Policy Essay The growing threat of revolution by English radicals being influenced by Irish rebels and the French Revolution was the main thing William Pitt the younger was faced with during his time as Prime Minister. To deal with this, he reinforced a repressive policy of tough legislation strengthened through propaganda.It was not only these actions taken that managed to quell the revolutionaries from revolting. Other than the actions taken by Pitt, there was discordance between the radicals,also the loyalist reaction sparked by the war in France; these are only a few reasons amongst many. It was the contribution of factors that chastened the movement, not just a singular factor. The chance of revolution was reduced by the repressive policies put in place by Pitt as it subdued the radicals, as he adopted and introduced laws to extinguish the growth and spread of radical ideas. Habeas corpus (a legal action, through which a prisoner can be released from unlawful detention)was suspended by Pitt, allowing people to be imprisoned without trial for as long as it is wished. The suspension of Habeas corpus gave Pitt the right to have suspected radicals imprisoned to prevent them spreading their ideas or taking action. Another law that came into action during Pitts time in office was the 1793 Aliens Act, which prevented foreigners from entering the United Kingdom without permission, this was a precaution taken to stop the influx of French revolutionaries entering the country bringing with them radical ideas. The 1795 Public Meetings Act made meetings of more than 50 people illegal, this was a measure also to prevent radicals meeting and spreading their ideas. All the se measures were introduced to dampen the spread and popularity of the radical movement, these policies however were not the only ones that help do this. Pitt went to war with France in 1793, this caused a widespread loyalist reaction amongst the British. The war helped to influence many to have negative anti french views, this hatred of the French Revolution created a anti-revolutionary movement in England. This response to the war helped Pitt, as he was trying to prevent revolution from happening in Britain. There was a loyalist riot in 1794 in Manchester where chants about church and kings were to be heard, subsequently ‘Church and King’ clubs formed. The loyalists advertised their cause through pamphlets that supported the king. Suppport for the king spread, the government were extremely happy with the outcome, they even allowed and encourages a loyalist militia to form and by 1800 there were 100,000 members. This show of support for the king that followed the war with France was a strong opponent against the radicals. Problems within the radicals caused a divide in their goals and the path they thought was necessary to take to reach them. This could be seen when looking at some of the radical groups. Disunity in cause could be seen by looking at two figures that were part of the radical movement; Tom Paine focused solely on men’s rights, whilst Mary Wollstonecraft focused on rights for women. The London Corresponding Society believed in achieving their goals peacefully, however the Society for Constitutional Information’s leader (John Jebb) believed that ‘public agitation’ was the most effective way of reaching their goals. This lack of unity of cause and ways of achieving their aims considerably weakened the radical movement. Another factor that weakened the radical movement was the lack of genuine support for them. Food shortages started to become less frequent, the shortages were a source of anger for many of the people, and was a reason to join the radical movement, many stopped attending meetings. This change of support for the radical shows that people were not completely behind helping them change things, but just stuck with them to get issues that affected them sorted. The radical movement needed the full support of the majority of the population (lower classes) to be strong enough to succeed, once the lower classes were able to eat, support for the radicals decreased. Division was not only felt amongst the radicals, there were divisions in the Whig party over the French Revolution. This effectively lead to two camps within the party; the first led by Edmund Burke, the second led by Charles Fox, who supported the French Revolution. Burke had a more conservative view as he believed that revolution would lead to an unstable government, and believed that there should be ‘evolution’ not revolution. The emergence of anti-revolution support from within the Whig party (Burke), strengthened Pitts. This open support from the Whig party made people more likely to support Pitt than the radicals. For Pitts repressive policies to have been the main reason for his success would have to mean that without them the radical challenge couldn’t of been resisted. I believe that this statement is false. The radical movement couldn’t of caused major change to have happened as they were not united or popular enough to do so. The support that the French revolution brought about from within government helped many to not believe or want to join the radicals, it was also the loyalist reaction proceeding Britain waging war on France acted as a strong opposition to the revolutionaries and gained support. Pitt’s repressive policies was a factor , but not the most important one. I believe that it was a combination of all the factors that helped Pitt resist the radical challenge to 1801.

Corruption Probe against Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif

Corruption Probe against Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif Panama Papers and Corruption Probe against Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif A case of tax avoidance Panama Papers[1] or Panama leaks refer to information based on 11 million documents involving more than two hundred thousand off shore companies. These documents contain confidential information about financial affairs of various affluent individuals and families across the globe. While some of the offshore entities are legal, some of the shell companies have been used for money laundering, tax evasion and fraud and hiding corruption money. The Panama leaks have led many governments to initiate investigations and legal proceeding against individuals whose names were found to be part of these papers. Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif belongs to the most prominent and one of the richest families in Pakistan. The Sharif family has been actively involved in politics since last 30 years. Nawaz Sharif has served as a 12th Prime Minister of Pakistan in two non-consecutive terms from November 1990 to July 1993, and from February 1997 to October 12, 1999. He is now serving under his third terms as a Prime Minister since June 2013. His brother, Shahbaz Sharif is the current Chief Minister of the province of Punjab. Their third generation is also actively involved in the politics. Panama Papers do not implicate either Nawaz or Shahbaz Sharif. However, these papers do identify in-laws of Shahbaz and children of Nawaz to offshore companies. Nawazs children have been tied to four offshore companies, Nescoll Limited, Nielson Holdings Limited, Coomber Group Inc., and Hangon Property Holdings Limited. The companies acquired luxury real estate in London during 2006-2007. The real estate was collateral for loans of up to $13.8 million according to the Panama Papers. The prime ministers children[2] say the money came from the sale of a family business in Saudi Arabia[3]. The Panama Papers have identified Maryam as the joint owner with her brother Hussain of Coomber Group. The three companies obtained a  £7 million mortgage from the Swiss bank, Deutsche Bank (Suisse) SA and purchased f our appartments in at 118 Park Lane in London. Hassan, the other brother, bought Hangon Holdings and its stock in 2007 for  £5.5 million. Hangon, bought property, financed through the Bank of Scotland, at 1 Hyde Park Place in London.[4] Nawaz Sharif and his family used the services of a law firm, Mossack Fonseca[5], to create their offshore companies. They help their clients in creating complex shell company structures that, while legal, also allow the firms clients to operate behind an often impenetrable wall of secrecy. These offshore or shell companies help the owners to avoid any corporate taxes, withholding taxes, income tax, capital gains tax, local taxes, and estate or inheritance taxes, including gift taxes.   This arrangement is ethical and legitimate as long there is no secrecy or corruption money involved. However, this issue becomes questionable when it involves money laundering by corrupt politicians, public officials and criminal organizations. In Nawaz Sharif s case, few questions arise; what is the real source of this money and did Sharif family paid tax on this money? Recently, opposition parties have filed several petitions in the Supreme Court of Pakistan to investigate charges of corruption against the Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif in connection with Panama Papers disclosures. The Supreme Court has appointed a commission to probe corruption charges against the prime minister. The Court has issued notices to his daughter Maryam, sons Hasan and Hussain, son-in-law Muhammad Safdar, finance minister Ishaq Dar, director general Federal Investigation Agency, chairman Federal Board of Revenue, and the attorney general. The case is still being heard in the court and the court has not reached to a decision as yet. Our paper will focus on ethical issues around undeclared offshore assets and tax evasion and then we will try to reach to a conclusion whether Sharif family can be implicated for tax evasion or not. Lets first examine the ethics of tax avoidance and tax evasion. For our ethical analysis, we will apply Utilitarianism[6] approach and the Deontology[7] approach. The Utilitarianism approach states that ethics of tax avoidance cannot be determined theoretically because this evaluation depends, ultimately, on the quality of the government. The latter approach states that tax avoidance is an unethical behavior, since the result of this evaluation creates an irrational outcome. Despite the fact that the Utilitarianism and the Deontology approaches do not bring a unique result, this examination indicates that, in general, tax evasion is unethical. The only possibility in which tax avoidance would be ethical is when the government is expected to spend the tax revenue in a not good way.   Despite the existence of other relevant approaches on Ethics, these two represent the most studied and examined methods, which usually bring trustworthy results in an ethical investigation, and for this reason, they are appropriate to achieve the objectives of this paper. We will discuss the differences and similarities between tax avoidance and tax evasion, and will depict two recent cases of tax avoidance. Then we will use the theory about Utilitarianism and Deontology, and how these theories can be applied to different approaches of tax avoidance. Before we proceed further, we have to define tax avoidance and tax evasion. Tax avoidance is defined as the use of legal methods to modify an individuals financial situation to lower the amount of income tax owed. This is generally accomplished by claiming the permissible deductions and credits[8].   In 1873 case, US vs Isham, the court gave a ruling that a company cannot be held liable for the activities that are undertaken to reduce the tax burden while following a legal process[9]. This opinion outlines the boundaries of tax avoidance, which is the acceptance that this is a legal way to reduce tax payments; therefore it is a perfectly legal tax structure. However, when an individual or a company exploits the gaps in the tax law and minimizes the tax burden through legal but opposite to the purpose of tax law, then such act is construed as unethical. The offshore or shell companies are a perfect example of clever tax planning to minimize or totally avoid the tax liability. H ence, we can say that tax avoidance is unethical since it uses the gaps in the tax structure that were not expected or perceived by the government. Tax evasion is defined as an illegal practice where a person, organization or corporation intentionally avoids paying his true tax liability[10] .   Tax evasion is unethical as well as strictly illegal. It involves deliberate act of avoiding taxes through violation or circumvention of tax laws. In order to establish whether tax avoidance is a kind of conduct considered ethically right or wrong, it is necessary to make use of the ethical approaches. For the purpose of this work, as indicated above, the Utilitarianism and the Deontology approaches will be applied to tax avoidance. The Utilitarian approach[11] to tax avoidance, the means used to attempt the tax reduction is not taken in consideration. All taxpayer motivations and concerns are not contemplated; the only thing that will be evaluated is the result that a scheme would produce. Hence, to determine whether tax avoidance is a kind of conduct ethically right or wrong, it is necessary to evaluate the amount of utility or disutility it brings to the taxpayer, the State, or the society. A preliminary approach is possible to consider the taxpayer as a winner, and the State, representing the society, as a loser. Following the framework presented, the first duty is to evaluate the gain or loss of utility for taxpayers who undertook a tax avoidance arrangement. For this matter, it is necessary to assume that, for the taxpayer, less tax is always desirable. Thus for the taxpayer there is an inverse relation between its amount of tax liability and its perceived utility. Taken this assumption, and considering no other consequences, when a taxpayer makes use of a tax avoidance arrangement his utility grows considerably compared with his former situation. Therefore, taking the Utilitarianism criteria, for this taxpayer, the use of tax avoidance is an advantageous action and the right thing to do. After establishing that the tax avoidance arrangement increases the taxpayers utility, then it is necessary to investigate whether this scheme also increases the utilities of the State and society. In this case, the State results should be considered as society results, since the tax collected by states is assumed to be appropriate by the entire society, and, as a result, a good for the State is a good for the society. Tax avoidance arrangements as defined in this work reduce taxpayer liabilities and, therefore, reduce State revenue. States are expected to use revenue to pay their current obligations, but also to invest in State equipment to provide better lives to its citizens. However, there not have been any guarantees that the amount of revenue States collect will indeed be used in a desired way for society. In this case, the quality of public administration and state politics are the keys of the utility measure.   So to define if tax avoidance creates more or less utility for the society, it is necessary to evaluate whether this supplementary revenue (that which is paid by the taxpayer in the event he or she does not use the tax avoidance scheme) is expected to have a good use or not. It is not possible to define whether tax avoidance increases the societys utility without defining in advance if the resources obtained will be well spent by the government. As a matter of conclusion, it is possible to settle on the fact that the reduction in State revenue due to the use of tax avoidance schemes led to a reduction in societal utility. Although it is not possible to determine how governments would use the portion of tax avoided, even a little part of the supplementar y money received by the State can be applied in a good way, bringing some marginal benefit to the society. So, according to this reasoning, tax avoidance has a disutility to society, but the extent of its disutility will depend on the specific case analyzed. The question at this point is to weigh the benefit created by a tax avoidance arrangement to the taxpayer, versus the loss it brings to the society, hence determining whether tax avoidance in ethically right or wrong based in a Utilitarianism view. As seen above, the taxpayer views tax avoidance as creating utility and ought to be the right thing to do, but for the society the ethical judgment over tax avoidance relies on the expected quality of the State, and the effective return the revenue can bring to society. Consequently, it is not possible to define in a Utilitarianism view whether tax avoidance is ethically right or wrong, since the consequence of this conduct cannot be applied to all cases, but merely in specific cases under analysis. In short, using the Utilitarianism approach, the ethics of tax avoidance depend on the specific State where tax avoidance is supposed to happen. If the State tends to perform well with the tax revenue, tax avoidance is wrong, because this revenue will bring more utility to the society, even though the taxpayer will lose some utility. On the other hand, if the State manages tax revenue in an undesirable way, the utility created for the taxpayer will overcome the little disutility generated to the society. Using this arrangement will result in the presence of more utility, and therefore an ethical behavior. 44 4.2.2 The Deontological Approach to Tax Avoidance Deontological ethics, or Kantian ethics, points out that an individual ought to observe a moral norm before executing any action. Under this viewpoint, the intention of the individual ought to be in accordance with a moral norm, regardless of the expected and the effective consequences of this act. To apply the Ka ntian ethics is necessary to transform the situation under analysis in a maxim, and then this maxim should be evaluated as if it is a categorical imperative. As showed before, there are three formulations for the categorical imperative, but to analyze this kind of question, only the first formulation has adequacy to the characteristics of the maxim derived to the taxpayers behavior. This first formulation is one in which Kant pointed out that: Act only in accordance with that maxim through which you can at the same time will that it become a universal law. From this formulation, a given situation has to be transformed into a maxim, and this maxim has to be examined in such a way that the subject of maxim would desire that all actors would apply the conduct described in the maxim as a natural and universal law. Thus to value the ethics of tax avoidance, a maxim must be defined. This maxim should represent the conduct of a taxpayer while using this arrangement, and has to be a general statement that could be used in any situation, not only in the specific case. As previously observed, the use of a tax avoidance arrangement is the legal use of the loopholes or the methods not expected by the legislator to reduce taxpayer liabilities. This scheme is broadly considered within the law, nevertheless it is not a desirable scheme for the States due to the reduction in States revenue and for its anticompetitive consequences. In light of these issues, the maxim related to the use of tax avoidance by taxpayers could be defined as: taxpayers always make use of tax avoidance arrangements in order to reduce its tax liabilities. 45 This maxim generalized the taxpayers behavior as if it is a natural law to be applied to all possible actors. It is now necessary to test this maxim faced with the first categorical imperative formulation: Act only in accordance with that maxim through which you can at the same time will that it become a universal law. Under this first formulation, the tax avoidance maxim should be analyzed as if a taxpayer would desire that all others taxpayers in an economy make use of tax avoidance arrangements as a natural law. So, from the standpoint of the taxpayer it is necessary to evaluate if will be it desirable that all others taxpayers use the tax avoidance arrangement in the same way it is using the scheme. As a result, in examining this formulation, this maxim is an undesirable situation, because if all taxpayers reduce their tax liabilities by using a tax avoidance scheme, the total revenue received by a State will decline significantly, forcing the State to act harshly against this situation. For instance, this response can go from increasing the existent tax amounts to creating new taxes to support the obligations. Apart from this consequence, if all taxpayers reduce their liabilities[12], no one will have a competitive advantage, demonstrating that the scheme fails in benefiting any market participant. Therefore, the widespr ead use of tax avoidance arrangements will reduce State revenues to an insufficient level, leading to efforts to somehow increase their revenues, the most common way being elevating the amount collected by the existing tax or to create new taxes altogether. As a result, applying categorical imperatives over the tax avoidance maxim brings the particular taxpayer and others to a situation equal or inferior than before, which denotes that this is not a rational maxim and thus not an ethical action. CONCLUSION Since the beginning of the twentieth century, societies around the world have been demanding more goods and service from states. Aside from demands in goods and services, demands for health care, transportation facilities, energy supply, among others, can also be observed. Also as an important issue, there has been a large and constant claim for more welfare spending. 46 Notwithstanding these demands, people in general refuse to pay more taxes to fund this increasing spending by States: They want more from the State but want to avoid paying for the higher presence of States in their lives. But to refuse to pay these taxes is, as a rule, an illegal act. Although people and organizations do not like to pay taxes, they pay in order to be within the law. As demonstrated in this work, tax avoidance is a kind of arrangement in which someone can reduce his or her tax liability in a legal way. For this reason, this arrangement has become increasingly common, resulting in very impr essive amounts of tax avoidance, and resulting in a reduction in States revenues. In view of these questions, States have been fighting against tax avoidance with real persistence but have not been very effective, mostly because taxpayers tend to have tax specialists ready to take advantage of an inevitable new tax rule that tries to combat tax avoidance. Even when States are truly efficient in setting a tax framework, taxpayers are usually more efficient than States. The most common methodology used by States to tackle tax avoidance is called GAAR, or General Anti Avoidance Rules. As viewed, almost all capitalist countries have some kind of GAAR to deal with the taxpayers who intend to make use of tax avoidance schemes. In this regard, the U.S. anti avoidance system is based in judicial decisions that constructed a framework of tests and theories applied to situations in which illegal tax avoidance is supposed to be perpetrated. In Brazilian cases, although there is not a totally o perational legal framework, the federal and local tax authorities have been using this law structure to fight against these arrangements. Hence, from the legal standpoint, there are not any remaining and relevant questions related to the legality of tax avoidance arrangements. It is recognized by the doctrines and judicial systems that tax avoidance arrangements are within the law. Nevertheless, from the ethical viewpoint, there has been different opinion about the ethics of tax avoidance, namely that it is unethical. 47 Society, in general, tends to consider tax avoidance as an unethical conduct, mainly when confronted with cases related to companies like Apple and Caterpillar, both studied in this work. However, Ethics as a subdivision of Philosophy has methodologies to deal with these kinds of questions. These methodologies are known as Ethical Standards, and among the Ethical Standards there are two that represent the strongest fields in the history of Ethics: the Utilitarianism and the Deontology approaches. In short, Utilitarianism tries to evaluate the ethics of an action by measuring the result of this action, while Deontology is concerned with the intent of the actor not with the result of its action. So, to analyze the ethics of tax avoidance, these two approaches were applied to this kind of tax arrangement. This work found an inconclusive answer using the Utilitarianism approach, but a conclusive answer when using Deontology. By employing the Utilitarianism approach, tax avoidance ethics will depend on the expected quality of the government. The arrangement will be considered ethical if the revenue that the State did not collect would not be used in a good and responsible way. On the other hand, if this revenue that the State did not collect was expected to be used wisely by the government, the use of tax avoidance arrangement by taxpayers will be unethical, morally reprehensive. Using the Deontology approach, after applying the categorical imperat ive to the maxim related to tax avoidance, the result is that tax avoidance is an unethical action. This is considered unethical because its use is not a rational behavior, since the final result does not bring any advantage for this taxpayer and probably results in cost without any return. As stated above, the ethical analysis using the framework developed by Utilitarianism and Deontology philosophers offered an answer to the question asked in the beginning of this work, but this answer was not consistent. These ambiguous results, however, do not invalidate the objectives of this research; they in fact emphasize the necessity to consider both approaches together in other to have a deeper perspective of the question at hand. Despite the differences in the results for countries where the government has a good historical use of the revenue obtained from taxation, both methodologies deny the use 48 of tax avoidance, declaring that this is an unethical behavior. Only in the countries wh ere the government has a bad historical use of the revenue obtained from taxation prompts the Utilitarianism approach to indicate that tax avoidance is an ethical action, but even in this case from a standpoint of Deontology, tax avoidance is still not ethical. The use of different ethical approaches can, as in this case, result in different ethical viewpoints, but, more importantly, the reasoning for this result can clarify the question under scrutiny. Another possibility to better deal with these questions is to extend this work by using others kinds of ethical approaches, like Virtue Ethics and Common Good Ethics. These two approaches, by using distinct methodology and theories, can exam the question here from different viewpoints, achieving maybe dissimilar results, but certainly improving the understanding of the topic The Article 62 of constitution of Pakistan requires a member of the Parliament to be righteous and honest[13]. The Panama Papers have raised a serious question about the integrity of Nawaz Sharif and his family. Final Page Grade: _______ [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panama_Papers#Asia [2] Maryam Nawaz, Hassan Nawaz and Hussain Nawaz (three children of Nawaz Sharif) [3] http://www.wsj.com/articles/pakistan-prime-minister-upgrades-probe-into-panama-papers-affair-1461344499 [4] http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-36092356 [5] https://vgsomnews.wordpress.com/2016/04/29/panama-papers-leak-and-ethics-of-tax-havens/ [6] The utilitarian approach, also called utilitarianism, is essentially a moral principle that asserts that morally correct actions are those that provide the greatest volume of benefits over harms for the majority of people [7] Deontology (or Deontological Ethics) is an approach to Ethics that focuses on the rightness or wrongness of actions themselves, as opposed to the rightness or wrongness of the consequences of those actions (Consequentialism) or to the character and habits of the actor (Virtue Ethics) (http://www.philosophybasics.com/branch_deontology.html) [8] http://www.investopedia.com/terms/t/tax_avoidance.asp [9] Assaf Likhovski (2008, p. 52) [10] http://www.investopedia.com/terms/t/taxevasion.asp [11] https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Muel_Kaptein/publication/228174813_Three_General_Theories_of_Ethics_and_the_Integrative_Role_of_Integrity_Theory/links/543196ad0cf27e39fa9f93ea.pdf [12] http://eml.berkeley.edu//~saez/course/Slemrod,Yitzhaki%20PE%20Handbook%20chapter.pdf [13] http://www.na.gov.pk/uploads/documents/1333523681_951.pdf

the problem of evil Essay -- essays research papers

Studies in the Philosophy of Religion THE PROBLEM OF EVIL â€Å"God is the omnipotent and wholly good creator of all things† â€Å"There is evil in the world† a) EXPLAIN THESE TWO STATEMENTS AND SHOW WHY THEY ARE SAID TO BE CONTRADICTORY (20) The problem of evil is usually seen as the problem of how the existence of God can be reconciled with the existence of evil in the world. It’s regarded as a logical problem, because it is based on the apparent contradiction involved in holding onto three incompatible beliefs. This being that God is omnipotent, that God is wholly good and that evil exists in the world. The fact that evil exists in the world constitutes the most common objection to the belief in the existence of the omnipotent (all powerful), omniscient (all knowing) and all loving God of Classical Theism. Classical Theism is the traditional understanding of God as worshipped by Christians, Jews and Muslims. This definition is initially criticised, for being culture-bound, as other religions such as Hinduism and Buddhism don’t believe in one God so can’t be applied to their respective religions. Therefore the problem of evil is only a problem for followers of a theistic religion. God is described as an infinite, self-existent, incorporeal (without body), eternal, immutable (doesn’t change), impassable (incapable of suffering), simple (one entity), perfect (God is seen as a morally perfect being i.e. wholly good), omniscient (all knowing) and omnipotent (all powerful) being. Omnipotence means being able to bring about anything which it is logically possible to bring about. However not being able to bring about that which is logically impossible is not a restriction on omnipotence since the logically impossible is not a characterisation of anything. It is a non-thing. Evil is said to come from the free actions of human beings. God can’t do what’s logically impossible and it’s said to be logically impossible for God to create humans who are free but always choose to do what’s right. This therefore takes the responsibility of evil from God. Omniscience means knowing everything that it is logically possible to know. If God knows everything it is not possible for him to think of something he does not know. This raises the question of whether God knows every little fact; does he know what you’re thinking or what you’re going to do? If so then if he’s omnipotent shouldn... ...d that finding good consequences in bad things is a horrible idea. DOES IRENAEUS’ APPROACH SOLVE THE PROBLEM OF EVIL? There are many instances of good being brought out of evil through a person’s reaction to it, however there are many other cases where the opposite has occurred. Sometimes obstacles result in ones character being strengthened but other times they can be crushing leading to ones character being diminished and left incompetent so unable to grow and develop further. So it would seem any soul making is subject to an individual’s temperament and particular way of dealing with a problem. Therefore this doesn’t remove the contradiction, because there’s evidence of people suffering and not getting better after it. This produces more problems as shows God to be selecting people who he should know would suffer immensely because of this evil. Irenaeus approach takes the blame off God for human suffering. This is what is needed to solve the problem of evil. He places the blame on human free will therefore avoiding questions of God’s nature so in essence removin g the contradiction. People accept that suffering is there for a reason and it’s part of God’s plan for soul making.

Landscapes from the Age of Impressionism

Born in Florence, Italy having American parents, the most flourishing portrait painter during his time John Singer Sargent becomes a part of an exhibition at the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, through his eye-catching landscapes and masterpieces. During his time, the world of art is dominated by Cubism, Fauvism and Impressionism.However, John Sargent accomplished his masterpieces through his own form of Realism. His skills, as well as his form, were honed under the tutelage of Emile Auguste Carolus-Duran in Paris from 1874 to 1878, after studying rigorously in both Italy and Germany. John Sargent’s paternal grandfather was a Spanish descent and he carefully studied the paintings in the Prado during an extended residency in Madrid from 1866 to 1868 (Boone, 117).Constantly the internationalist, John Sargent journeyed by train from Paris to Madrid, and he was in the Prado by October 14, and the several of copies that he completed, such as the painting of a dwarf then credited to V elasquez and a detail of Velasquez’s â€Å"Las bilanderas† in 1879, recommends or advocates a stay of just more than one month. Sargent also has several collections of photographs after Velasquez’, â€Å"Don Antonio el ingles† and â€Å"Las Bilanderas†.In addition to this, he also had â€Å"The Surrender of Breda†, â€Å"the Forge of Vulcan† and â€Å"Las meninas†, which he stored or set aside in a scrapbook. These photographs served as souvenirs from his trip as well as reference material for his study of art history, and motivation for fresh works of art (Boone, 280).John Singer Sargent is fond of life. John Sargent finds the the people portrayed rather than the setting to be exotic. His love for life, as well as being a painter, can be observed in some of his masterpieces such as in â€Å"Dolce Far Niente† and â€Å"The Sketchers†.â€Å"The Sketchers† (1856-1925) is John Sargent’s 22 by 28 inches masterpiece which uses oil on canvas as medium. The Virginia Museum of Fine Arts was able to acquire this artwork through the help of Arthur and Margaret Glasgow Fund, in the year 1958. In â€Å"The Sketchers†, there is an interplay of light and dark or chiaroscuro which can be instantly recognized.The left side of the painting shows scuro (dark), while the right side shows chiaro (light). The chiaro can be observed through the shadows and darker shade or hue of colors used through the trees and on the left side of the white umbrella. In addition to this, the background â€Å"sky† on the left side is darker as compared to that on the left side. These darker shades or shadows are results of the light from a source which can be observed to be coming from the right side of the painting.

Black Rock Essay

Steven vidler, director of Blackrock use a number of cinematic techniques to the theme of risk. Teenagers are notorious for risk tasking behaviour which can have devastating consequence for the future. Blackrock is a 1997 film tells the story of Jared, a teenage boy who witness a rape and murder at a teen party, and must risk his social status (and safety) by coming forward. Vidler explores the theme of risk using film techhiguc such as montage, costuming, dialog, Montage: A montage in the film’s opening credits shows teenagers surfing and having fun on the beach. Shots of teens surfing successfully are mixed in with scenes of people falling off their boards and ‘wiping out’. Part of the appeal of surfing may be the risk involved; the teenagers are rejecting the safe, over-protective world established for them by their parents. Costuming: Jade arrives to meet her friends dressed in baggy, conservative clothes, but takes them off to reveal her party, clothes underneath. Jade is defying her mother’s orders, instead choosing to go to the party and have fun with her friends. By ignoring the wishes of her mothers, jade is taking great risk-teenagers often takes risks to be accepted by their peers, at the risk of upsetting their loved ones. Dialogue: Rachael’s father tells her â€Å"you’re not allowed to go (to the party†). Rachel’s father insists that she stay at work, and so she respects his decision (reluctantly). Risks often involve teens ignoring their responsibilities; by doing what she is obliged to do, Rachael avoids risk. Tracking shot: A series of tracking shots show Ricko ‘surfing’ on the bonnet of a fast car, as a crowed watch on. Ricko is loved by his friends for his willingness to take wild risks like this; being ‘wild’ makes him popular. The greatest the risk a teenagers is willing to take the greater the respect that they often get in return. Contrast: While the teenagers are seen drinking and partying, the adults including Jared’s mother; are shown at a local pub. The risks taken by Jared and his friends, including violent and sexual behaviour, are contrasted with the financial risk taken by the adults as they gamble their money. While adults discourage teens from risk-taking they too are guilty of taking similarly large risks, only in different ways. Silence/slow-motion: As Jared watches Tracey being raped, the scene plays in slow motion and the sound fades into the background. This helps the viewer feel Jared’s shock and confusing, as he feels helpless and unsure of what to do. This is the first scene in the film to show that risk-taking behaviour can have severe consequences Characterization: Jared’s father, Len, abandoned his family and is confronted by Jared’s mother at the gym where he works. Len is an older example of the same kinds of reckless and irresponsible behaviour that can be seen in the film’s teenaged characters. Parent’ attitudes to risk-taking and responsibility can be passed down to subsequent generations. Alliteration: Jared sees â€Å"dobbers die† spray-patting in large capital letters at his school. Obviously, the boys who murder Tracey are threatening anyone who knows about it to stay quiet and not informal the police. Jared now must take another, less enjoyable risk this time to his personal safety if he decides to come forward. Montage: A later montage shows Jared surfing alone; the scene is slower, quieter and darker than the previous surfing scenes. This reflects Jared’s changing emotional stat, as the rape and murder has changed his feeling about his friends and himself. The negative outcomes of risk-taking are not limited to physical danger, but can also include guilt, stress and regret Repetition: Talking to his girlfriend, Jared repeats, â€Å"I didn’t do anything†. Jared feels guilty about the fact that he did not step in to save Tracey as she was being attacked. The negative outcomes of risk-taking are not limited to physical danger, but can also include guilt, stress and regret. Flashbacks: Jared has a series of flashbacks to the night of the murder throughout the movie. This shows that Jared continues to feel guilty and conflicted about his role in Tracey’s death. Negative consequences of risks are a main deterrent from fisk taking behaviour.

Figures of Speech in the Waste Land

Some figures of speech in the wasteland Figures of speech comprise two main categories. One category twists the meaning of words to wrest a new non-literal meaning from words that, when phrased together, have a very different literal meaning, as in the idiomatic figure of speech, â€Å"He died from laughter. † Literally, this means a man met his demise due to laughter. Figuratively (i. e. , non-literally), this means he laughed with vigor for a long time. Figures of speech that twist meaning are classified as  tropes.The other category enhances meaning by arranging and rearranging words and word order to dramatize, emphasize or more elegantly express the point at hand. For example, an analogy may be more dramatically made by using a  chiasmus  that inverts parallelism in a typical abba component arrangement. For example, consider the inverted parallelism of this: The day [a] but shines [b], but glows [b] the night [a]. Figures of speech that enhance through words, sounds , letters, word order and syntax are classified as word schemes, or justschemes.It is clear from this brief explanation of figures of speech that  The Wasteland, with a figure of speech as its very title, will be replete with figures of speech of both kinds,  tropes and schemes. In this format, I can identify a few prominent ones, the first being the title. The Wasteland  is the overarching figure of speech (trope/metaphor) that shapes this entire poetic treatise on the state of the world in Eliot's day. The title of Part I, â€Å"The Burial of the Dead,† is itself a significant figure of speech, also a metaphor, that establishes the central idea of the work.For Eliot, following World War I (1914-1918), Earth itself was ravaged, torn and dead, â€Å"Lilacs out of the dead land †¦. † This figure of speech signifies that death resulting from WWI encompasses the dead who died in battle and the dead who still breath though dead inside from horror and from the lo ss of dead Earth: A crowd flowed over London Bridge, so many, 62 I had not thought death had undone so many. â€Å"Son of man† is another important figure of speech, an allusion and metaphor, as this is to whom portions of Part I are addressed: Son of man, 20You cannot say, or guess, for you know only A heap of broken images, Another important figure of speech (trope/analogy and symbol) found in Part III, â€Å"The Fire Sermon,† is Tiresias, the blind old man who sees â€Å"At the violet hour†: I Tiresias, though blind, throbbing between two lives, †¦ can see At the violet hour, the evening hour that strives 220 Homeward, †¦ This figure of speech is important because it represents Eliot's point and belief that the living dead cannot see, can no longer perceive, what is around them, what is true.This is also an allusion to the Biblical precept that those who see are blind, that is, cannot see spiritual truth. Figures of speech of the  scheme  kind a re also present, though seemingly less prominent and used for elegance and compression rather than for significance. An example is found in Part III: â€Å"the young man carbuncular. † Here the word order is changed so that the adjective modifier â€Å"carbuncular† follows the head noun (â€Å"man†) of the noun phrase. Standard word order would be â€Å"the carbuncular young man. † This sort of rearrangement of word order, with the adjective coming after the noun, is called an  anastrophe

IMG Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

IMG - Case Study Example Currently, the company has diversified to include services such as stadium ownership and management, television, event ownership, modeling organization among others (Anand and Attea 1-23). Further, IMG has proved to be a successful business empire that grew from focusing only on one opportunity kind. However, this single opportunity lead to diversification and realization of other viable but related opportunities. This diversity has however been managed through the introduction of subsidiary companies to manage different interests of the mother company. As such, McCormack (or his successors) should go ahead and seek diversity since it has proved to add value into the mother company. Further, in so doing the company will be hedging itself against competition from other companies that may seek to exploit these diversities. Moreover, the company has laid down a strategy that has defined the role of any given subsidiary venture. In fact, such a subsidiary company is at liberty to manage itself as an independent company. As such, the need to engage in experts is covered by the presence of IMG itself. However, due to the dynamic unpredictable eventualities in the nature of its business dealing there may crop a situation that will call for expert’s services. For example, if IMG or on of its constituent company is faced by a legal issue, then it will be necessary to indulge the services of an equally potential law firm (Anand and Attea 1-23). Given the reputation of this organization, the concerns of engaging external consulting firms have not been a concern to it. The founder and CEO of IMG have strategically approached this situation through specialization and division of duties. The specialization calls for an independent company to manage all duties related to that field. For example, tennis duties are ran by a single company, such that the players and tennis events, tennis broadcasts as well as tennis courts will

Reaction paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 21

Reaction paper - Essay Example American opposition argued that those people who had stay in Britain already for a long period of time had adequate understanding of states’ needs. Thus, in Article I Section 2 of the Constitution the attention is paid on defining candidates who are permitted to be elected to represent American states in the Congress (â€Å"Transcript of Constitution†). Special Section 4 is devoted to local elections of state senators to be sure there are actual representatives of a public will on all levels of governmental hierarchy (â€Å"Transcript of Constitution†). Another important consern of the pre-revolutionary time was a question of taxation. It embodied American opposition’s general worries that laws and obligations for colonial citizens are established only by up-high authority, the British monarchy, without considering American point of view. Thus, to prevent a monarchy-like governmental system in future, and instead, to establish a democratic federative union, Section 7 and Section 8 in Article I correspondently regulate the law making powers of U.S. President and determines powers which the Congress shall have (â€Å"Transcript of Constitution†). Also with a view of a recent relief from the British patronage, Article IV Section 3 proclaims the Congress’ control and ban of a new state formation and any other unions’ formation (â€Å"Transcript of Constitution†). Thus, despite the social and political uncertainty, which according to J. J. Ellis, â€Å"was the dominant mood at that moment†, the Constitution points were quite logical with a view of timely national concerns (Ellis 9). Even the most argued and critiqued nowadays law on â€Å"keeping and bearing arms† was historically reasoned (â€Å"Transcript of Bill of Rights†). The fact was that in pre-revolutionary time America experienced a military presentence of British contingent which represented a militia, and American

The prevelance of obesity in children with physical disability Dissertation

The prevelance of obesity in children with physical disability - Dissertation Example Obesity is an increasing problem right across the population in western societies, but is perhaps especially a problem if overeating becomes an established habit in childhood at a time when others control what food is chosen and available to a great extent. Ells, Lang et al point to the possible links between obesity and disability. In particular they link the two in cases of muscular skeletal problems and in those with learning difficulties. This is confirmed by the findings of Stewart et al in Scotland when they surveyed ambulatory boys with intellectual disabilities, which often occurs in those with cerebral palsy and Down’s syndrome. According to Clinton Smith there is considerable evidence which indicates that if children with particular risk factors can be identified and the correct action subsequently taken then the situation can be improved. What is clear is that excess body weight in children, whatever their physical condition, presents a significant risk factor for m any conditions that may occur in later life. These include heart attacks, cerebral vascular accidents, diabetes, cancer, disease of the gallbladder disease and arthritis. According to the American Department of Disability and Human Development. ( 2007) there is evidence that the conditions which lead ultimately to conditions such to stroke and heart disease most often have their origins in childhood, where they manifest themselves as high blood pressure or levels of cholesterol which are higher than the norm. For these reasons, no matter what a child’s physical ability levels or inclinations it is important for children to lead as a physically active a lifestyle as possible. Obesity results when a person's calorie intake regularly exceeds their energy needs for such bodily functions as metabolism, the thermal effect of the food consumed , the person’s physical activity level and capabilities and their growth. The majority of energy obtained from food ( roughly 60%) is required for normal metabolic activity. Physical activities require another 25% , the thermal effect of food digested uses 10% and growth requires some 5%.(Spina Bifida Association 2009) Just as eating less than the body requires leads to weight reduction so eating more than required will lead to weight gain. Obesity is therefore more likely than usual to occur in those with restricted mobility, low metabolic levels and who are of restricted growth. In the U.S.A., according to Rogozinski, ( 2007) more than 17% of American children are obese. Parents naturally want to please their children and to care for them. It is when this becomes distorted into bad eating habits that obesity emerges. Also, once established as a habit, it can

Industrial Relations Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Industrial Relations Law - Essay Example A central problem in attempts to test empirically generalized models of an industrial relations system mirrors those encountered in the application of generalized theories of the capitalist state. The process of particularization sustains structural mechanisms within an industrial relations system that reproduce limitations in the institutional structure of a particular state. Hence, patterns of regulation legitimize the centralized power of the capitalist class yet are likely to operate in potentially contradictory manner. Partial access to the state through a voluntary system of industrial relations has, in the UK, sustained the historically embedded yet short-term interest of many employers. However, collective laissez-faire and voluntarism have positioned trade unions and collective bargaining as easy targets in proximate explanations of poor post-war economic performance. Collective laissez-faire appeared functional – it helped secured post-war recovery - yet contradictor y; in the context of full employment, it appeared inflationary. More significantly, collective laissez-faire is functional because it is an institutional an embodiment of the process of particularization in the UK state.The extent of industrial action: In the UK, official statistics on the use of industrial sanctions relate only to strikes. They measure three dimension of strike activity – their number (how frequent they are), their size (number of workers involved) and their duration (the number of working days lost). ... state. Hence, patterns of regulation legitimize the centralized power of the capitalist class yet are likely to operate in potentially contradictory manner. Partial access to the state through a voluntary system of industrial relations has, in the UK, sustained the historically embedded yet short-term interest of many employers. However, collective laissez faire and voluntarism has positioned trade unions and collective bargaining as easy targets in proximate explanations of poor post-war economic performance. Collective laissez faire appeared functional - it helped secured post-war recovery - yet contradictory; in the context of full employment it appeared inflationary. More significantly, collective laissez faire is functional because it is an institutional embodiment of the process of particularization in the UK state. The extent of industrial action: In the UK, official statistics on the use of industrial sanctions relate only to strikes. They measure three dimension of strike activity - their number (how frequent they are), their size (number of workers involved) and their duration (the number of working days lost). This last measure is often distorted by a few big strikes. For example, in 1979 an engineering industry- wide strike accounted for 55 percent of the 29.5 million working days lost in that year. In 2000 the number of working days lost in the UK was 499,00. However, disputes still happen - for example, the series of one day stoppages in 2002 on the railways over the widening of pay differentials between drivers, who were in short supply, and other railway employees. The dearth of drivers meant that the

Organisations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Organisations - Essay Example These organizations are Nurses Board of Victoria, Royal College of Nursing, and Australian Nursing Federation. Nurses Board of Victoria is a self-funded statutory authority incorporated under the Health Professions Registration Act 2005. It is a very good organization with having 14 years of experience in the field of nursing. Here the nurses are certified. The organization has its international contacts and it helps the registered nurses to make their career abroad also. The organization is a very good platform for the nurses and midwives to start their career. Nursing as a career here is developed from all angles here in this organization. A nurse should also be a good communicator. In the training of the nurses the focus is also given on the communication skill and English Proficiency. Apart from the training of nursing this organization imparts the managerial training to the students which includes critical thinking, problem solving and decision making. Risk management is also the part of the curriculum which enables them how to cope up with the risks and dangers and how to tackle the cr itical situation. The midwifery course is also available which ensures the students good placements in many hospitals around the country. Thus the nurses are developed here from a very professional point of view. The course of psychiatric nursing is also available here for those who are interested in the mental health related career. The organization is also committed to assist those nurses who are academically very bright or interested in doing the research in various fields of nursing such as aged care nursing, clinical nursing, community child health, complementary/alternative therapies, family care, indigenous health, mental health nursing, midwifery and primary health care Royal College of Nursing is one of the major and popular nursing training organizations in Australia. This