Rejuvenating Jamaican tourism Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Rejuvenating Jamaican tourism - Research radical ExampleIt has a monarchy system of government. It has an ideal climate for agri gardening and tourism industries. In 1940s, the country discovered bauxite and the government shifted from banana and sugar export to mining. People in Jamaica share a combination of culture from Spanish and Taino. They handling English as their official language thought many people use a local language called Patois. Section A Internal and External Assessment of Tourism in Jamaica In the Greater Antilles, Jamaica leads in the tourism labor. The government depends most from the tourism industry. The industry provides close to 50 % of the countrys contrasted exchange. It provides about a fourth of the total jobs offered in Jamaica. Tourism industry benefactors in boosting the economy and creation of job opportunities to the youth. Tourism activities are carried in the northern coast island, which includes communities handle Ocho Rios, Montego Bay and Port Antonio. Other places with tourism activities include western tip islands. The country has many airports and airlines, which help in transportation of tourist. According to Clarke (2009) the government also helps in development of the industry. Each finance year, the pastor for tourism gets same funds to manage the industry. The government has worked to ensure success of the tourism industry because it contributes a lot in the government revenue. The fame gained through surpassing and music has made Jamaica attract more transnationalistic visitors. Tourism Demand and Market in Jamaica Tourism has been on high demand in Jamaica. The far-famed musician, Bob Marley and the Olympic sprinter, Usain Bolt promoted the image of Jamaica world wide. Many people, tour in Jamaica to witness the Olympic champions and famous musicians. The level of visitors has been on the increase from 2000 to 2012. Tourism income increased to 53 % from 2000 to 2005. Tourism net earning duplicate from 2000 to 2005 constructing $ 437 million. The rate increased from 2005 to 2010. Tourism industry will earn 1 billion in 2012. According to Black (2011) the demand for tourism does not decrease like other industries, which do not have a consistence growth. In 2000, the hotel occupation rose from 41 % to 65 %, and this has risen up to 90 % this year. Consecutively, the industry has grown for the last five years. In 2008, the industry had a total income of about 500 million, in 2009 it rose to 570, in 2010, it rose again to 700, 2011 it rose to 850 and in 2012 the income will reach 1 billion. The graph below represents Jamaicas income from the tourism industry. The market of tourism has been promoted by many factors ranging from environmental, kind and political. Tourism is promoted by people form other countries and the citizens of Jamaica. Citizens from different counties visit beaches and other places preserved by government for tourism purposes. People from other countries visit the cities in order to have a sprightliness of the geographical features. They also visit in order to see the famous Jamaican sprinters who always elevate in the Olympic Games. According to Dove (2010) music industry has attracted many people who visit the areas. The international visitors contribute more to the income than the local tourist. It is estimated that about 70 % revenue from the industry is generated by international tourists from foreign countries. The remaining 30 % comes from the local tourist or the individual

Management and Organisational Behaviour Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Management and Organisational Behaviour - judge ExampleBy not offering any type of training, the company has struggled. In order to attend with this scenario, the advertising agency needs to begin offering more training for its employees.However, this is not the only leading issue that needs to be changed. Management does need to address a a few(prenominal) more issues, and this has to do with their overall attitude towards their employees. There is besides an uneven distribution of work in the environment, and this can also hurt employee morale. Those with more work feel overworked, and those with less work feel that they ar being overlooked. This often also creates the problem of self-serving bias, and this can greatly harm the view of management toward employees. It is also important for management to begin trying to apply the concept of Theory X versus Theory Y when near their employees (Denton, 1999). McClellands Theory of Needs should also be considered by management, because these employees cod a need for deed and achievement would also sustain to attach employee morale. Another problem in this scenario is the lack of assembly dynamics in the company. Most of the employees are too frightened to speak up or go against management, and/or they are not motivated to do so. This means that they hide, and do not share their ideas, and that they simply go on with what management states, whether they want to or not. This also hurts employee morale, and therefrom management needs to change their approach to group meetings (Employee Productivity Increases Morale, 1999). Analysis of ScenarioLeadership ApproachSeveral lead approaches could be used to help increase employee morale in this situation. Making sure employee morale is functioning properly is very important as far as the companys long term goals are concerned. If employees are not happy, turnover rates volition increase and productivity will decrease. In order to have management use effect ive leadership to solve the problem, it is important to have them consider Chris Youngs Eight Strategies for Improving Employee Morale. Young gives a very end up list with excellent definitions and ideas of how leadership can improve morale by using a few effective ideas. These concepts could be applied to the management at the advertising agency in order to help increase employee productivity and employee morale (Ginzbert, 1985). Young first-class honours degree mentions the concept of negative energy. What is this concept and what causes it Several items genuinely cause it, and negative energy is an overall feeling of disgust towards certain aspects of the job. This negative energy hurts employee morale, and thus also hurts the company. Therefore, the advertising agency, which is clearly suffering from this concept, can use Youngs ideas to overcome this problem. Management StrategiesAccording to Young, the first item to consider is that of the job fit. Basically, the problem co uld be as simple as this being the ill-timed person for the job-the job itself is not what the individual expected, or he or she just does not have the personality, drive, or interest to complete the job tasks (How Low Staff Morale Can Have spartan Consequences, 2007). Management needs to be able to assess individuals abilities and personalities in order to make sure that

Customer Service Operation and excellence (Scenario Based Project Essay

node Service Operation and excellence (Scenario Based Project Report) - Essay ExampleIt is therefore important that the attention of academic libraries scan that successful service organisations like successful product oriented firms, must understand the way the customer goes about making a decision to purchase a service, how quality is evaluated, and in what ways a company can present a differential advantage relative to the tilt (Berkowitz et al. 1997, p. 352). According to Quinn (2007) in recent times the educational community, generally and the library profession in ill-tempered have placed increasing emphasis on the service quality model. This model has customer bliss as its primary objective as traditional measures of academic library quality such as collection size becomes secondary. In assessing service quality the customer comp bes expectations about the service offered to actual construe with the service. Gap analysis is a tool that is used to identify the difference s (gap) between what is expected and what is experienced. According to Berkowitz et al (1997, p.353) this type of analysis requires consumers to assess their expectations and experiences on dimensions of service quality as described in the hold over that follows. Dimension Definition Reliability Ability to perform the promised service dependably and accurately. Tangibles Appearance of physical facilities, equipment, staff office and communication materials. Responsiveness Willingness to assist customers and provide prompt and efficient service Assurance Knowledge and discretion of employee and their ability to convey trust and confidence to customers Empathy Caring, individualised attention that is provided to customers. Table 1 Dimensions of Service whole step Adapted from Marketing 5th Edition Berkowitz et al (1997, p. 353) Dimensions of service Quality in Academic Libraries In the context of service quality and customer satisfaction, of importance, is the need to look at th e service that the library provides in order to see how it can fulfil expectations. The role of the library is to provide resource materials for its customers. But, who exactly are these customers? They are scholarly persons, administrators, faculty members and the general public. Reliability In terms of reliability the library must be able to provide the student with a book, journal or other resource material which provide enable the completion of a undeniable task. While the librarian is expected to provide the service in a timely manner, there is the need for the student to exercise some skills in how to access required materials to carry out his or her role. The librarian however, is available to provide some guidance but the student independence is of extreme importance in the development of worthwhile skills which will be required in the future. The student or faculty member will need, at some point in time, the unavoidable guidance from the librarian, who possess the nece ssary skills and experience, and who will be able to provide information and resources that will be useful in carrying out the required task in a timely manner. Tangibles While the esthetics of the environment is of extreme importance, it is not very important in a non-profit making environment as it is in a profit making organisation. However, the library as a facility for research and a learning environment should provide a measure of relaxation and comfort that is conducive to studying. The emphasis is on providing an environment that will allow for the

Ethical Issues in Resource Allocation Term Paper

Ethical Issues in vision Allocation - Term Paper Example45). During the resource allocation in medical assistance, we should be adequate to satisfy two main ethical criteria. I should be fit to be cost expendful to the limited resources that are used in the health financial aid facility whither I forget occupy sure that I am able to utilize the available resources to maximize the health benefits of the patients that I serve. By using the cost effectiveness analysis of the available alternative health intervention measures, I should be able to consider the respective costs and benefits to determine the efficiency of these intervention measures. The ethical issue here is deciding whether, after I take such considerations in to account, I will be able to give the same quantity of the health benefits in the future. I will manage to use the CEA to be able to analyze the benefits of using such interventions and be able to help the patients in the future. An outstanding practice is where I devote to decide on using a program that might keep open iodin hundred people now or decide on another that will help still two hundred people at a later date. The second program will fork up a lot of people, but on applying a three percent discount rate to the lives that will be saved in the future they will be an equivalent to 78 of the lives that can be saved at the moment. Hence, I will choose to use the first program that will save the one hundred people at the moment (George 56). The ethical requirements are like expectations which I am supposed to achieve on a regular basis in this profession. I welcome to use the ethical principles to depict the greatest moral standards and behavior in the health disturbance profession. Whenever I flavour any form of ethical dilemma, I always find a method to enable me to reflect and get guidance from the people who work with me. They have guided me into organism able to develop my master key skills in the health care sect or. I have managed to create healthy relationships with my patients that are therapeutic in nature. The medic assistant needs to follow the ethical conduct regulations in order to become a successful professional in the health care sector. He /she has to work with other health care service providers in order to be able to treat and provide quality health care services to patients. Medical assistants are required to have good, quality and moral values that will administrate the values succeeding in the health care sector. Some of the moral values that I have had to use included the following first of all, I have had to take my primary responsibility to being the health, welfare, safety, and the dignity of all the patients whom I help. Secondly, I have had to promote and appreciate the diversity value. Thirdly, I have had to treat every person that seeks the health care attention equally without having to be bias to anyone. This has helped comfort my dignity, and it has created a le vel of trust in my patients. Fourthly, I have had to create and uphold my levels of confidence in the course of health care provision and all that pertains to the practice. Fifthly, I have had to assess my personal capacity and any kind of limitations by doing this, I see where I make mistakes and am able to castigate these mistakes and change for the better. Sixthly, I have been able to add the level of my knowhow and practicing skills so that I will be able to create and achieve all forms of health care practices.

Dell Inc Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

dell Inc - Case Study ExampleDell has successfully entered the Chinese market place placeplace and holds 7% of the market. Dell is forth in sales in china followed closely by IBM and Hewlett-Packard. Dell lags behind Legend, Founder, and Tongfang. Dells greatest challenge has been competition from local venders who can market a product at a fairly low price. incarnate governance consists of a mature of handlers. The board has several committees with a different board member chairing each. The Board of Directors is responsible for oversight of and command of the overall affairs of the company (Dell, 2007). Dells Asia Pacific Region President is Bill Amelio and Kevin Rollins is the CEO.The Dell Executive leadership Team is chaired by Michael Dell. Mr. Dell founded the company in 1984 with $1000 and big ideas. He leads a group of 13 other highly qualified executives that shargon the same goals and objectives for Dell. Mr. Dell and his team have been super successful building t he company and expanding its business concern to the global marketplace. Dells leadership has made it a competitor in the Chinese market.The market for computer products and services in China is very competitive. With the large increase in ownership of computers has come an increased usage of the internet. As China moves to withdraw tariffs on computer products the pick up for these products will rise. Chinese businesses and individual consumers will continue to seek out and buy these products.B./C. Industry purlieu/Summary of External ForcesThe computer industry is full of potential competitors. With Chinas withdrawal of tariffs and barriers to trade the market in China for personal computers and components will be more and more competitive. The market remains competitive in China because, in addition to brand name computers, the market includes clones (generic non branded computers) that can be purchased at lower prices.Currently Dells sales in China make up only 10% of its ove rall sales. U.S. sales ar at about 69% of overall sales. Dells major competitors in China are Legend (27% of market share), Founder (10% of market share) Tongfang (8% market share), IBM (5% market share) and HP (3% market share). Dells current market share in China is 7%. With the raising of tariffs, Dell, and other foreign competitors, will be fit to compete on a more level playing field for customers. III. Internal Environment (Strengths and Weaknesses)E. Corporate Structure and Corporate CultureThe company is lead by a board of directors. Each director provides oversight of different segment of Dell. Dells Asian Pacific Region is led by Bill Amelio. Dells Chinese market for personal computers uses the direct selling method that cuts out the middleman. The inventory system used by Dell is called the just in time model that keeps inventory levels at a 6-day supply quite than stocking up and having a larger inventory in the warehouses. Inventory is replenished as needed. Inventor y costs are kept to a minimum thus Dell can pass on the savings to its customer. Chinese customers can expect Dells products to be lower priced than its competitors.F. Organizational Activities AnalysisDell uses a direct business model. The company has made it a

The growth in internet use has affected cultures around the world, Essay - 4

The growth in internet persona has affected closes around the world, leading to a westernised, homogenous world culture - Essay ExampleTriandis (1989) pointed out that other cultures learn from western culture in view of the individualism western conception collective objectives argon surpassed by individual ones implying that individuals are important. This essay will therefore, argue how the Internet use growth has affected many cultures glob all(prenominal)y, leading to a westernized, homogenous world culture. Furthermore, it will evaluate this claim critically in relation to youth culture, business, and politics.The use of the Internet growth has affected the youth culture globally, leading to a westernized, homogenous world culture. In particular, in the web content development many teenagers tend to be active participants. The capability of the youths as contributors was increased immensely by the web 2.0 dawn. Their capability as contributors was increased to web content and non passive consumers. According to Shim (2007), the association between the youth and media is another development of the internet culture. The varying manakin of social media facilitates the establishment of large-scale and ad-hoc as well as formal online communities, where generated content of the exploiter flourishes. With regards to this, the user generated content also created by photographers who share their photos, musicians who publicize their music and bloggers who post news. The reduced cost of distributing materials and of synchronism innovative efforts facilitate the youth to create their content and together work with others in political, economic, and social activities (Goggin and McLelland, 2009).A lot of youths are getting in expanding and are building relationships with their existing friends. Shim (2007) noted that not all youths are permanently engaged to the internet are committed to productions of contents. Unlike offline interaction, interactions online a re not limited to a geographical area. Through the social media, youths are interacting, sharing

Nursing Research Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Nursing Research - Assignment Examplee surgical actions and the issuance showed that pain levels of patients managed with establish-based practice were lower as compared to the hold backled sample. Pain ratings of patients in the intervention wards were assessed at rest since surgery, on movement since surgery and worst pain on movement and it showed that they were significantly rock-bottom compared with those in the control wards (Bolfman 2014). That is, post-operative pain management using evidence based practice help reduces pain levels of post procedure patients therefore facilitating faster healing.End of life care has been noted to be one of the key areas to change quality of patient care. It is a phase of life when an individual is living with an illness, which will eventually exacerbate and cause death. A study was done on palliative care improvement of symptoms with evidence-based interventions and it showed that patients who were managed with evidence-based practice had reduced hospital stays, reduced hospital admissions and incurred lower costs (Whitehead, 2011). Palliative care for these patients was managed according to their symptoms and preferences. Therefore, use evidence based practice in the care of patients on end-of-life care will significantly reduce or prevent their

LOVE MANAGEMENT PLANNING Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

LOVE MANAGEMENT PLANNING - Essay ExampleIt analyses situations inwardly and those meet the organization that can help achieve or hinder the achievement of its targeted goals and objective. Here is an illustration of the provision functions of BPs management. In line with the organizational mission and objective, the management has realized the need for the company to stomach environmentally friendly sources of energy (Fredrick, 2006). Thus, the company has a targeted goal of increasing Liquid Petroleum Gas, which is least(prenominal) pollutant to the environment. Since this alone may not help achieve the profit prospective of the company, jet fuel touch needs to be increased, as it is less environmental pollutant, as compared to diesel, kerosene, and petrol. The management has evaluated and found this move to be worthwhile, since most Energy providing company are involved in the other most pollutant fuels.Therefore, the management end for this New Year is to increase the facil ities for LPG and Jet fuel processing, while minimizing those foe diesel, kerosene, and petrol. However, this comes with increased costs, since the refinement of flagrant oil into LPG and Jet fuels requires more time and specialized facilities. The increased cost of production will be met by the companys increased market for LPG and Jet fuels, through signing new contracts to fork up Airlines and LPG supplier companies. The new project is implementable as a pilot project in ten countries within the next two years. This will help the management assess whether the move is worth for the company to make. It is during this catamenia that the new strategy of the company will be monitored and evaluated, after which the project will be use full, once it proves successful.Many factors have influenced the performance of the management. The legal issues such as increased taxation on the products that the company produces have had the effect of reducing the profits of the company (Fredrick, 2006).

Interview of Business Professional Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Interview of Business Professional - Essay ExampleAlthough he had a chance of executing the employment alone, he sought to follow the right procedures. The position was finally filled with the most appropriate person by following employment procedures thus issues of respectable headache were avoided. I would have done the same. The dilemma would have been a violation of the smart set policy since the company requires that there be at least three possible suitors from which the best is picked.Although I could have had previous experience with the potential employee, following protocols were the right ethical thing to do. In addition, following right procedure would have safeguarded the company and me (Mathis and Jackson 2010). The ethical dilemma did not violate any law or company policy. It is advisable that personal judgment be followed and further official consultations made to avoid ethical conflicts. Choosing between personal conscience and company policies is difficult but it is more appropriate to follow the conscience. under(a) the same circumstances, I would have acted the same way as my interviewee to avoid ethical

Inflammation and Cardiovascular Disease Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

innervation and Cardiovascular Disease - Essay ExampleIt has been observed that patients with pre-existing inflammatory diseases expect a high chance of cardiovascular disease, for instance, systemic inflammation causes atherosclerosis. Section 2 Anti-inflammatory and heart-wellnessy foods and nutrients. Garlic and onions father anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, which promote a healthy heart. Consumption of a diet containing these foods has been associated with a reduction in systolic blood pressure, oxidative melody and vascular inflammation (Vazquez-Prieto et al 5). A study on the effect of garlic on cardiovascular disorders by Banerjee and Maulik (2002) indicates a significant cardio-protective effect. Section 3 endorse that garlic and onions are anti-inflammatory. Garlic and onions have organosulphur compounds, which have different effects on human health (Hedges & Lister). Consumption of diets rich in garlic and onions may help to counter inflammation (Maff etone 7). Research has shown that these foods keep down the aggregation of platelets and reduce levels of cholesterol (Srinivasan 170 Kochhar 338), which catalyses the production of anti-inflammatory chemicals. They also reduce oxidative stress (Vazquez-Prieto et al 5), which is responsible for the production of inflammation causing free radicals. Moreover, experiments with fructose fed rats (Vazquez-Prieto et al 5) showed that extracts of garlic and onions reverses increased vascular inflammation. Section 4 Comments on anti-inflammatory evidence. The evidence for the anti-inflammatory properties of garlic and onions is diminutive and clear. It provides a comprehensive basis on the anti-oxidative properties of these foods, which is essential in dealing with chronic inflammation. Section 5 A study design to reinforce the anti-inflammatory properties of garlic and onions. A randomized controlled trial go away be used to assess the anti-inflammatory nature of garlic and onions. A s ample of participants testament be randomly chosen from the population, and their ethical approval will be sought. Those who grant ethical approval will be included in the study. They will then be split and assigned randomly to devil equal groups, experimental and control group. The experimental group will be assigned meals containing a undertake amount of garlic and onions. On the other hand, the control group will be assigned meals without garlic and onions. The study will ensure compliance such that participants in the control group will non consume garlic and onions during the study period. Pre-test and post-test measurements for blood cholesterol will be taken for all participants. equality for the efficacy of garlic and onions will then be made based on these measurements. Q2 CVD Risk dietary fiber refers to the edible part of plants, which is resistant to digestion and absorption in the small intestine (Lattimer & Haub 1266). Soluble dietary fibers are fibers that disso lve in water to form viscous gels. The increased consumption of dietary fiber is associated with low risk of chronic diseases (Coleman 1), for instance, obesity, type-2 diabetes, cancer and CVD. Soluble dietary fibers such as ?-glucan reduce CVD risk by reducing blood cholesterol (Queenan et al 2). This soluble fiber is common in oats, which have a cholesterol lowering effect. However, despite the clear health benefits, the consumption of dietary fiber has been control by its low palatability (Queenan et al. 2). Section 1 How dietary soluble fiber can lower CVD risk. Dietary soluble fiber reduces the serum cholesterol levels hence lowering CVD risk (Queenan et al. 6).

DATA MINING AND VISUALISATION Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

DATA MINING AND VISUALISATION - Essay Example arouse of algorithmic rule Eulids Algorithm Criteria of the Eulids Algorithm To measure was defined as placing shorter measuring length S in a successful times (q times) along a longer length (L), until the remaining parcel of land (r) becomes less than the shorter length (S). In other words, the remainder r = L q x s, q as the quotient is the modulus, which is the whole consequence fractional par left after the division. In order for this method to work well, the lengths starting the dish out ought to satisfy 2 requirements. First, the lengths need not be zero. Secondly, the subtraction need not be kosher and the test should guarantee that of the two, the smaller must be subtracted from the larger one. Description of the Eulids Algorithm This algorithm was postulated by Euclid who poses a math problem. The problem is such that provided with 2 numbers that are not heyday to each other one would find the greatest common measure for the two numbers. In this case, the number was defined as the multitude consisting of units, a counting number, and a positive integer excluding zero. The original demonstration of the Euclid adds a third, in which the two lengths not be prime to the other. Euclid stipulated with a view to construct a proof that the common measure for the two numbers is in the greatest. ... This is again subtracted from 21 with the remainder being 14, from which 7 is subtracted. In this case, seven would be left. However, seven cannot be subtracted from 7 (Yanhong, 2002). The diagram below shows the Euclids algorithm. Advantages of Euclids algorithm Euclids algorithm has various advantages. First, the algorithm involves step-by-step rep. of the solution to any given over problem and it also has a definite procedure hence it is kinda easy understanding it. It is quite easy developing and converting it to the flowchart and finally developing it into a computer program. Additionally, the algorithm is independent of the program language, and given that every step has its logical sequence it is easy debugging it. Disadvantages of the Eudlids algorithm. The use and development function of the algorithm is somewhat cumbersome, as well as time consuming given that the algorithm has to be developed first, wherefore be converted into a flowchart and finally a computer program. Name of the algorithm Force-based Criteria of Force-based algorithm The force-based algorithms often achieve the pattern through assigning forces in a preen of edges, along with the set of nodes. In this case, the straight forward method entails assigning forces as though the edges were springs and nodes as though they were particles that were electrically charged. The graph is stimulated as though it were the physical dodging with the forces being apply on the nodes, by pulling the nodes together and pushing the somewhat further apart. The process is repeated iteratively until when the system reaches th e equilibrium state. In this case, the relative positions of the nodes are not altered from one position to the other. The graph is then drawn at such

Community Service for Students Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

alliance Service for Students - Essay ExampleThis means that these serve are meant for students who want to contribute to the betterment of the society. federation services cigaret take a number of dimensions from school-directed service learning to individual assistive interactions with mavens society or large scale learning volunteering initiatives (Ferrari & Chapman, 1999). This paper, therefore, provides an argument that all students should participate in conjunction services as it provides a platform upon which they develop new skills, experiences and ideologies. Community service can take numerous forms that acknowledge aiding in a nursing home, serving food at orphanages, teach special-need children, cleaning parks, streams, and fields, volunteering at the topical anaesthetic fire station, providing food for needy families, clerical duty for the red-cross organization, and volunteering to work for the Boy- or girl-scout (Reeb, 2006). Participation in confederation w ork can either be done individually or in groups. Examples of these organizations include community service groups (involved in serving community members), organizations of students governments (serving students), and organizations that protect and serve the environment (Reeb, 2006). All these organizations are aimed at helping students acquire social skills, and organizational and leadership skills. Many students from extravagantly school level and above are required to undertake a certain number of community services as a requirement for graduation. The number of hours and type of community service accomplished by high school students ordinarily imprint them highly recruited by universities and colleges (Rhoads, 1997). Unlike high school students, college students usually spend near of their free time participating in community services, and develop volunteer experiences to include in their resumes. Most university and college students are involved in community services, wher e they work as mentors and tutors to other students from local schools within that community. This helps students develop both academic and social skills, and influence childrens lives positively (Poplau, 2004). In most curriculums, community service is thematically required to maintain a students active social rank in the community. Students participation in a wider number of community services under sufficient supervision, a great deal help them develop appropriate skills required for developmental activities (Ferrari & Chapman, 1999). Tutors and supervisors should always ensure that the type of community services chosen by students is not harmful. Students should appropriately be supervised within their scopes of abilities, and giving them room to transaction and expand their skills and knowledge. They should also be allowed to perform some vital roles in the community, by allowing them interact physically with some chosen members from that community. In every society, there a re several voluntary services that are available for a wide range of ages and capabilities (Dunlap, 2000). Students also have limitless benefits to participating in community service projects. Although these are non-loan rewarding activities, the benefits they have for students are things that money cannot buy. The following are some of the benefits that make community services valuable for students Participation in community serv

Primary Nursing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Primary Nursing - Essay pillowcaseThompson ET all introduces the concept of primary nursing right from the beginning of its start in the 60s. The sprout of this particular type of health portion out all through the globe and its major influence to patient care is critically discussed. In this article, the author mainly insists on the influence of technology on this knowledge base and how challenging it was for nurses back when eerything was manual. Since the nurse has to work for 24 hours taking care of her patients, this field is thought provoking and in the early days of its invention, most of the primary nurses took care of fewer patients due to the nature of the work that was convoluted in the monitoring of the patients. The nurse had to manually move to each patient, take care of them and move to the next one. This was tedious and in most cases, the patients never got that right kind of care that they needed. However, due to technological changes in the medical industry, primary nursing has been on the increase and most institutions of higher learning have include the field in part of their study.Bowman ET all has similar opinions and insists that there has been improvements in primary nursing ever since its invention. The author compares the current situation of nursing and how it was in its early days and some of the changes that have been seen in the area. Comparing the way primary nursing was in the 60s and now, it is pretty obvious that the field has undergone a lot of changes. First is the various means that nurses use to monitor patients.

The Crimean Crisis of 2014 Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The Crimean Crisis of 2014 - Case Study ExampleConsequently, under the justification of responsibility to protect the Russian minorities in the eastern and southern regions of Ukraine, Russian President Vladimir Putin annexed Crimea in March, 2014 (Yuhas 2014).The Russian annexation of Crimea caused a massive have words on a global level and the action was condemned by majority of global leaders. The Crimean crisis has been considered as a significant global issue which has caused severe impact on relations mingled with western foundation and Russia and their allies. Also, the crisis caused massive blow to economic stability in Ukraine and Russia. The clashes between the West and Russia through economic sanctions, zero politics, and political pressure have threatened the global stability and brought the world on the verge of shabby War II (Koshkin 2014). The causes of Crimean crisis can be traced in current global politics and contested perceptions of the call down identity in Ukrainian society.The purpose of this case study is to investigate the Crimean crisis of 2014. By means of motley researches and available reports, the paper allow examine the root causes of crisis and its impact on various groups. The paper will also present potential solutions in order to abate the negative effects of the crisis.The Autonomous majority rule of Crimea, internationally recognized as a part of Ukraine, is situated on a peninsula which has spread between the Sea of Azov and the Black Sea with Russian border to its east (BBC Monitoring 2014). In the late 2013, Ukrainian president Victor Yanukovych faced a choice when the country was moving towards economic crisis. He could claim a long-term, but initially troublesome deal with the EU to boost trade and integration, or he could secure a $15 billion loan from Russia and join the Eurasian Customs Union of Russia, Kazakhstan, and Belarus (Woehrel 2014, p. 1-2). subsequently continuous

Critique of Zip Bam Pow Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Critique of Zip Bam Pow - Essay congresswomanThere exists a generic and specific arrangement within the continuum that depends on the degree of affinity. The originality of the forms of these components, however, cannot be altered. The arrangements programmed in a manner that makes them look good or right from a human perspective. The appearance is nonsensical but Rizzo hold that embracing them is a necessity (Rizzo 2014). Rizzo did not aim his argument at changing the forms of predicates to make them sensible but rather appeared to express the reality in the US. Rizzo puts to the fold what he calls particulars through his experience by identifying and instantiating nature.Robinson dis ensures with Rizzos views on universal ideas in his article Zip Bam Pow He refutes claims by Rizzo that the way to goodness is by understanding the universe and disparateiating the form of its components from the real status of its particulars (Rizzo 2014).Robinson posits that the highest outward appearance of existence is the life of the logical being. The lower forms of the same life in turn coif this. In his explanation, he supports slavery because by following his path, the barbarians were lesser rational beings compared to the Greeks. This was the offshoot of his varying views regarding the econo,mic part of the US at the time. Robinson claims that all the components of the US with life posses inherent potentialities. Therefore, it is upon them to develop the said potential to the maximum. This government agency that the most satisfying form of human nature is that a person has to use his rational abilities to the fullest.Robinson was a lot younger than Rizzo was. However, he differed in a ferocious manner him. Robinsons writing was very different in both style and content. The two only strike a common ground on various matters, which shows that they spend quite a considerable amount of time together. The two great philosophers agree that the life of

Themes in Romeo and Juliet Essay Example for Free

Themes in Romeo and Juliet EssayThe story of Romeo and Juliet continues to affair and engage viewers and readers to the present day. One of the reasons for this may be that it explores universal themes which are still of avocation and concern to everyday people. The joke makes us think around issues, such as love, loyalty to geniuss family and friends, ascendance, and urgency. Each of these themes is discussed below in relation to the play.LoyaltyRomeo and Juliet contains many examples of loyalty of one soul or group to a nonher person or group. Loyal actions in the play do not always have positive results and cannot always be seen to have been the best course of action. At times, as we see in the opening of the play, loyalty can lead to violence and people behaving dishonestly or wrongly. learner Tasks1. In your groups, discuss and decide on a definition of loyalty. In your answer matter the following What is loyalty and how does a loyal person behave? Where does loya lty start and stop?2. telephone of at least three examples of when a person or group shows loyalty in Romeo and Juliet. deliver havea. Who was loyal to whom?b. How they were loyalwhat did they do that showed loyalty? c. What the result of their actionsdid their loyalty have positive or negative outcomes in the end?3. Using the scenes of Romeo and Juliet that we have studied in class, find three quotations that show that a character is feeling torn or pulled in both directions by their loyalties. Write dispirited the quotation and explain what it shows about the character and to whom they are loyal.AuthorityAuthority is illustrated and explored in Romeo and Juliet. In Shakespeares time, authority was very closely linked in peoples minds to the naturalorder of the reality and to the go out of God. For example, the authority of the fag or queen was believed to be given to them by God. Therefore, anyone who went against the authority of the king or queen would be considered to be committing a crime or sin against the wishes of God. People who went against authority were seen as going against the natural order and many people believed that this could only end in disaster.Student Tasks4. There are many other words related to the word authority. For example authoritarian, authorize, authoritative. facial gesture up each of these words and find out what form of word that they are, for example, noun, adjective, adverb. Write a drawing definition for each of the words including the word authority.5. Find and write down three examples from the play where one person or group has authority over another group.6. Describe three steads in the play when a person or group disobeys authority. What is the end result in each situation? Which of these examples of disobedience are the most serious ones in your opinion?7. Are there any situations in Romeo and Juliet where people in authority do not do their jobs properly? For example, do the people in authority always car ry out their jobs as carefully and as well as they should?8. What sum or idea do you think Shakespeare might have wanted to say in Romeo and Juliet about the nature of authority and about obeying authority?LoveLove in Romeo and Juliet is presented almost as a disease that makes you physically ill and that makes you behave in a foolish way.Student Tasks9. Read the two statements about the theme of love in Romeo and Juliet. Asa group, choose the statement that you agree with to a greater extent and find quotations and examples from the play to support your opinion. Be prepared to contribute your ideas to a class discussion. a. Romeo and Juliet is one of the superlative love stories of all times. b. Romeo and Juliet is more about passion, hate, and the importance of obedience than it is about love.Fate versus free willIn Shakespeares time, fate was seen as your personal fortune or destiny that was predetermined by God. You could escape or avoid it. Your fate was said to be aligned wi th the stars (that is why astrologers have such importance for some people). On the other hand, there is free will. This is where a person takes control and makes his or her own destiny thereby changing the will of God. This was seen as a sin.Student Tasks10. Write down three examples of fate or free will from Romeo and Juliet.11. What message was Shakespeare trying to convey about fate and free will?

Stress and Personality Types Essay Example for Free

Stress and record grammatical cases EssayIts now widely accepted that there ar three basic genius instances. These grow the wildly original names of Types A, B and C. We all have elements of each type in our makeup. One, or perhaps two, however, will dominate. Its very useful to find out which personality type best describes your personality because this can tell you a great deal about how in all probability it is that youll become stressed and, if you do, wherefore and how youll handle it. Note weve used he throughout this article please take this to mean she as well.Type AThe Type A personality traits argon impulsiveness, competitiveness and the need to get things, carve up of things, done quickly. Type A is always in a hurry, lives by timetables and deadlines, is a perfectionist and has difficulty mission any tasks, and therefore ends up trying to do everything himself. He is also likely to be keen and can be aggressive. Such a person is very unlikely to undertake too lots self-analysis everyone else has the problem, not him Anyway, he hasnt got the time to waste in worry out about much(prenominal)(prenominal) things. The Type A individual is practically driven by savorings of insecurity. Such a person often becomes one of lifes high achievers, in the belief that by achieving their goals and ambitions they will gain the level of control they feel they need in order to overcome their feelings of insecurity.Generally, a Type A person has no approximation why he is so driven. You can see from all this that Type A people are prime candidates for stress and stress-related illnesses. The Type A personality is the energetic one who suddenly has a sectionalization when he finally uses up his reserves of energy. This personality type also has the highest risk of heart disease. Because the problems which glide by rise to stress are part of his personality are personality related, the only way such a person can truly de-stress themselves is by ac knowledging the problem and being prepared to change virtually aspects of their personality and their behavior. That doesnt, of course, stop them from trying to control their stress levels by using exercise, aromatherapy or whatever, but umteen Type A people have good intentions and then find theyre that too quick to find the time to go to the gym or see their therapist.Type BType B personalities are not as likely to suffer from stress as much as another(prenominal) personality types unless there is a specific cause, such as bankruptcy or divorce. They are the eke out opposite of the Type A personality. If you had to find one phrase to describe a Type B person, it would be laid back. They are more relaxed about things, less driven and generally content with their lot, and are less likely to try to achieve unnecessary aims and objectives. Type B personalities have enough say-so in their fellow human beings to be able to delegate. They are calm and rational and not likely to da mage their health long term due to a stressful lifestyle. If you have a Type B personality, say a prayer of thanks.Type CThe Type C personality type has difficulty expressing emotion and has a marked tendency to bottle things up, especially anything in their life which is bothering them. He will rarely or ever dispel any stress by throwing a form against the wall or shouting at someone whos annoyed him. Hell feel like doing so, just like any other person, but even when his emotions are almost overwhelming hell progress an awesome control over his words and behavior. This is a perfect recipe for severe stress problems What is enkindle is that the existence of the Type C personality was first mooted in studies of cancer patients. Were all a commixture of these personality types

Husayn-McMahon Essay Example for Free

ibn Talal Hussein-McMahon EssayMcMahon-Hussein Correspondence refers to an swap of letters between Sharif Husayn Ibn Ali of Mecca and Sir Henry McMahon of Britain detailing the future of the Arab world in the face of a possible annexation by the Ottoman Turks. The background to this communication can be traced to early 1914 when Sharif Husayns son, Amir, paid a visit to the then British Consular in Egypt, Lord Kitchener, want British assurance that they would offer their support incase Arabs opted to revolt against Turkey. While at first Kitchner was antipathetical to make any commitment, his successor in the region, McMahon, upon sensing the dwindling British fortunes in the philia East, do hefty promises to garner the Arabs support during the First World War. It is during this period that McMahon would initiate correspondence with Husayn. The Husayn family emerged to be an influential force in the Middle East as it lay claim to be the descendent of Muhammad and held the ma ntle leadership of a number of kingdoms in the region (Daly 215).The issue of McMahon-Hussein correspondence has emerged highly polemical and is held to be at the core of the crisis in the Middle East. It is regarded as an important correspondence by the Palestinians as it was seen as a commitment by the British of granting them independence. In these series of letters, Husayn had asked for Arabs independence, he defined these areas to be the Arabian Peninsula, Palestine and Iraq amongst others.McMahon on the other hand made a commitment to condition the independence of a number of territories which would not damage the existing cordial relations with France. Arabs in the Middle East have maintained that British had promised independence to the Palestinians on the other hand, Britain claims that this was merely a resoluteness of intent that was not legally binding and cannot be used to lay claim of independence to the Palestinians (Mack 123).

The notion of death seems to be the definite consequence Essay Example for Free

The view of goal delayms to be the definite consequence EssayWilliam Shakespeares juncture is an anecdote of love, tragedy and the end of man. Inevitably, a story with so much engagement and turmoil will involve death to some degree, and Shakespeares formulation of death is unimpeachable. The altercation of the characters is the driving force behind the ultimate tragedy that be move the characters. This booking is a age of events which leads to the climax, their downfall. What is the conflict that causes their destruction? It is the kings death which eventually causes Hamlets own destruction. Hamlet, as the protagonist, is the leading factor that affects the other characters notably Claudius and Gertrude. Claudius as Hamlets opposite, his opponent and the antagonist of the play would noticeably be influenced by Hamlets actions. The other characters, especially Ophelia whose demise is intertwined with Hamlets actions. His refusal of her love, his deception of her, all con demn her to madness and eventually her death. This leads to a certain intuition that death seems to be the definitive result to their problems.In other words, death inevitably seems to stem from and is the consequence of conflict, both indwelling and external, for the characters of Hamlet. However, how does this conflict lead to their collapse? The conflict of feeling is one of the principal aspects of the play and is shared by many of the characters alone Hamlet, Ophelia and Laertes are the foremost in that order. These characters share a similar cause for their emotion and of their conflict, the difference of a loved one. For Hamlet it is the premature death of his father, for Ophelia, her loss of Hamlet and of her father musical composition Laertes, it is also the loss of his father.However, Ophelia seems to be the hardest hit as Hamlets deception of her turns her to madness. During the dialogue between Ophelia and Hamlet, we can see Hamlets true intentions. Hamlet tells Op helia, I did love you once, Ophelia responds, Indeed, my lord, you made me believe so, and Hamlets response is, You should not progress to believed me (III, i, ll. one hundred fifteen 117). Ophelia, as a woman, is portrayed as a lower character. She is a nai ve, little girl who falls in love and when is deceived, goes insane. Ophelia is a perfect workout of this conflict.She experiences and struggles with inner(a) and external conflict. She is torn between province to Hamlet and her father. Her relationship with Hamlet is an interesting one. It shows how fragile their relationship is and how love can slowly drop dead to madness. This can also express Hamlets obligation, his obligation to provide her with love. However, this obligation is the surface of the water, so to speak. Hamlets intentions lie deeper at heart and this is Ophelias demise. Her conflict with Hamlets intentions and her intentions do not bode well with her.Indisputably, the demise of most of the characters r esults from the conflicts of intention and emotion. We can retrieve this when Ophelia speaks to Claudius about how, he promised her wed. The role of Ophelia is the personification of the general role of women. Once again, the subordination of Hamlets accusings clouds her judgment and leads her to conflict. Hamlets domination and the general dominion of men in this play elucidate the struggles of women, especially Ophelia. Finally, it matters that Ophelias struggle with Hamlet and with loss of her father drives her to suicide.With her suicide, she is free from her obligation to men, notably Hamlet and uninhibited by the conflict she struggles with. As indicated before, Hamlet, Laertes and Ophelia have a lot in common. They struggle with the loss of their father, and with the exception of Ophelia, they are motivated by the impatient for strike back. The conflict between Laertes and Hamlet is clearly described, as it was Hamlet that slew Polonius, and Laertes seeks revenge for his slain father. It is this give conflict that would inevitably lead to their death.This is articulated in the final battle between Laertes and Hamlet. All the discordance between them is verbalized in this final battle. In the end, the fracas brings about both their downfall. This is the best example of the results of conflict in Hamlet. Even Laertes states, I am justly killed by my own treachery (II, ii, l. 298). The deduction of this statement illustrates that in the process of conflict, the result will inexorably be death. The issue of external conflict clearly showed its correlation with death.However, external conflict always stems from internal conflict. The kings death triggers a desire for revenge in Hamlet and this, in turn, affects others. The death of Hamlet, Laertes and Ophelia ultimately, was the result of Hamlets own internal conflict. However, the best example of death through internal conflict would be Claudius. Claudius, as the antagonist, would be adversely affe cted by Hamlets actions but more importantly, the conflict within him regarding the murder of the king is a greater hazard. We have an indication of this offense during The Mousetrap.Throughout the play, we can see Hamlet observing Claudius for any sign of weakness or discomfort. He is not disappointed as he clearly observes Claudius getting very uncomfortable and arrives at his conclusion. Henceforth, Hamlets objective has been ascertained. From this point forth, we can see the conflict between Hamlet and Claudius heat up. The epitome of their conflict is expressed in the final battle. The inner conflict within Claudius inevitably led to an open conflict with Hamlet and finally, to his death.Gertrude is in a similar condition as Claudius. Her incestuous marriage to Claudius was the catalyst for the conflict to begin. Again, the internal conflict within Gertrude evolves into open conflict with Hamlet and undoubtedly leads to her death. These two characters are appropriate examples for the grasp of events that led to the downfall of many of the characters in Hamlet. They portray inner struggle translating to external conflict and finally the definite consequence death. The characters in Hamlet are apposite expressions of the dangers of conflict.The seed of conflict is sown in any individual, in this case, Hamlet, and it grows and eventually affects others. Throughout the play, this is evident. It all started with the murder of Hamlets father. His desire for revenge progressed into open conflict as he slowly went mad. His relationships with the other characters notably Ophelia, deteriorated. Finally, it was his desire for revenge that killed him and others. It just goes to say, revenge is bracing but the consequences are bitter.

Victors act Essay Example for Free

Victors act EssayIn Frankenstein, many issues atomic number 18 raised concerning sciences interference with nature. Today, scientists are coming increasingly close to being able to clone a human being using genetic engineering. Dolly, the first cloned sheep is proof that we energize the technology to clone mammals. From Frankenstein we foundation learn that creating new life is a massive responsibility and ultimately is wrong, because it is impossible to imagine the problems that skill arise. In this situation the novel is even more relevant today, because in 1818 cloning was only a dream, and now it is closer to reality than ever before. throughout the novel Frankenstein there is a pervading theme of the avocation for knowledge, which still continues today. Victor attempts to surge beyond accepted human limits and access the secret of life, just as many genetic scientists are trying to do today. Likewise, Walton attempts to surpass previous human explorations by endeavourin g to return the North Pole. This ruthless pursuit of knowledge proves dangerous, as Victors act of creation results in the destruction of everyone solemn to him, and Walton finds himself perilously trapped between sheets of ice.I think that although we may have the knowledge to do something, it doesnt think that we must do it, if it has moral or other implications. For example we know how to make a nuclear bomb, but should we ever use it? Another issue that the novel raises is the issue of moral responsibility. We need to carry off for humanity as a whole, not just ourselves. We in the rich West have coin food and shelter while those in other lands such as Ethiopia are starving.In these raw times, we also have a responsibility to care for and sustain the environment, not to abuse the gift of nature. This is in contrast to the deforestation of Amazon Rainforests in Brazil, where millions of trees are cut down every day for the western sandwich worlds timber and paper needs. We are even more aware of the damage to our environment now because of the scientific progress we have experienced since Shelleys day. Frankenstein refuses to take moral responsibility for his creation. Today, people emphasis their rights over their responsibilities. perhaps even more than in Shelleys time, we need to encourage moral responsibility in our individualistic society, where about people shapems to be looking out only for themselves. Another final issue raised by the novel is the issue of prejudice. An example of prejudice is anti-Semitism prejudice towards Jewish people. Anti-Semitism was a belief of Nazi Germany, and in the Holocaust 1933-45 about 6 million Jews died in concentration camps and in local extermination pogroms, such as the siege of the Warsaw ghetto.In Eastern Europe, as well as in Islamic nations, anti-Semitism still exists and is spread by neo-fascist groups. In spite of the globalisation of our world, by means of air travel, TV and the Internet, since Shelleys day, we still have many examples of prejudice and discrimination against those of different appearance, colour, race, intelligence, sex, age from ourselves. Throughout the novel, the monster is rejected and exiled because of his appearance, when deep down he was an intelligent, thoughtful and emotional being.No one could see past his horrific appearance to reveal his personality and thoughts. To be a victim of prejudice is humbling and makes the person feel worthless. Despite this, the Monster fights on, trying to befriend people until he finally gives up and decides that the best thing to do would be to die. This type of attitude and feeling is something that people should not have to deal with in such a multi-cultural world we live in, for we are all human beings.

Parents separating Essay Example for Free

P atomic number 18nts separating EssayThird-person objective narration in Raymond Carvers short accounting Popular Mechanics gives the reader distance from the characters and every(prenominal)ows the readers imagination to settle through and through. The bosh itself provides microscopic detail and ambiguity among dialogue and action, thereby demonstrating the privation of identity of the characters and the universality of the story. Indeed, the complete lack of exposition or setting-up of the plot leaves the reader in the middle of the story when it starts in reality, all of Popular Mechanics is action with no before or after. Not provided does this show the raunch of the experiences in the short story, but the action of the story also shows how difficult it is for people to go through a divorce, and also how separating parents often use their tikeren as ammunition against one a nonher during times in which they are going through descent playing period. Since the story is so broad, it shows that fights in relationships, some of which can be both physical and verbal and often dependent on using children as weapons, are leafy ve happenable and can occur among anyone.Primarily, the narrator gives little to no detail about anything throughout Popular Mechanics, allowing the story to be more than universal and showcase the troubles of parental fights on children as it occurs across the country. In fact, the great detail is in the first paragraph when the narrator describes the weather. Not only is this not a frightfully significant place to provide detail, especially in a story that has a plot that revolves somewhat a tragic relationship and a violent struggle all over a young child, but the weather also sets the tone for the rest of the story.Indeed, the weather heavily foreshadows the rest of the story when Carver writes, unless it was getting dark on the wrong too. Not only is this about as specific as this story gets, but it also all udes to the coming challenges in the relationships between the two unnamed characters over their relationship and their child. Nothing else is said about the setting of the story, thereby forcing the reader to place the coming conflict in a location and time period indeed, this story could take place anywhere in the ball and at any time.Because of this, there is an element of universality to this story because of the lack of detail and the broad generality of the subject matter, there is nothing tying this story to any specifics or concrete ideas. Because of this, the reader understands that these types of statuss are pervasive in relationships, and that the generality of the fight and struggle in Popular Mechanics is applicable to legion(predicate) a(prenominal) relationships in the world, especially in the violent uses of children in the story.Further, because there is no exposition or setting for this story, even less can be attributed to its characters, thereby allowing t he child abuse to be even more attributable to universal characteristics. Generally, stories have a set-up you receive information in some form or the other in order to understand the situation before the primary plot action occurs. Here, though, that is not the case. The closest thing to a set-up of this story is He was in the bedroom pushing clothes into a suitcase when she came to the door.Im glad youre leaving Im glad youre leaving she said. Do you hear? which is an extremely quick macrocosm to the conflict of the story. Indeed, neither the mans nor the womans names are given, and their beginning in this story is a fight. The reader never sees what leads up to the fight, what their lives were like before the fight ever occurred, or who is right in the situation. Actually, either the man or the woman could have more justification for their actions in this story, but the reader cannot know that.Because of this, the reader must form arbitrary associations and opinions about thes e people they in truth know nothing about. Through this, we see that conflicts in relationships and the use of children in these conflicts can be associated with many different couples. Another way that Carver forces his readers to create their own visions of the story is through his lack of descriptions for the characters that actually use their child as a weapon. Nothing is known about either of them not only do they not have names, but they have no understandable characteristics or personality qualities.However, they each take enough action that a reader could identify with one character more than the other, or could view a certain character in a particular way. Indeed, the male desperately wants to get ensure of the baby, and even goes as far as when He crowded her into the wall then, trying to hurt her grip. He held on to the baby and pushed with all his weight. We have no information about what the conflict over this child is exactly, but by seeing the man physically exert tremendous force on the woman in order to secure the child for himself certainly makes him seem less sympathetic.Still, the story does not condemn either the male or the female, especially as the woman attempts to physically gain control over the child at the end as well. Instead, it indicts both for the terror in their relationship, especially as it exists toward their child. Finally, the high drama of the situation forces the reader to have some investment in the story and light up how terrible the situation is that the child is in. As previously stated, there is little to no context of this story, thereby making it impossible for the reader to fully understand the situation.However, because there is so much at mail service in this story, the reader becomes invested in a different manner. Not only is this couple splitting up in a understandably difficult and emotional way, but there is a child involved, and clearly nothing has been decided for the most positive scenarios of any of the people in any of the situations. In fact, the situation is cleared up because of physical force between the two people, and the story ends with the phrase In this manner, the place was decided. The issue is decided because of the violence directed toward the child, and that the two people in the relationship use their child as a weapon makes the situation incredibly dramatic, forcing the reader to be invested in the childs life and the relationship between the two protagonists. Raymond Carvers Popular Mechanics is vague and has little to no detail, but this allows the reader to become invested in a particular manner and demonstrates the abuse that children go through because of parents separating.Because of the lack of detail and information regarding the characters, the reader is forced to imagine and place their own experiences inside the story more than they otherwise would, making the story more universally applicable than a story with vastly more detail. Indeed, it show s that domestic violence and conflict exists in many different types of situations and among different types of people.Further, the lack of exposition further reduces the readers accurate knowledge of the situation while the extreme drama of the story causes the reader to become more invested and judge the actions of the characters in the story more deeply. All of this together provides a story that provides the minimum amount of information that a story can have to stock-still be a story, but also provides unique relationships between characters and readers, and shows how pervasive, widespread, common, and problematic domestic conflict between men and women can be, and primarily how this conflict uses and abuses children as a weapon in these conflicts.

Appropriate Climate Responsive Technologies for Inclusive Growth and Sustainable Development Essay Example for Free

Appropriate mode Responsive Technologies for Inclusive Growth and Sustainable exploitation EssayLife is strange we dont know what would be the next moment of it? What will it bring to us? What will it take from us? If it will raise us to the top of our happiest moment or it will throw us in the dark of death? We only knew to respond its moves. Its human nature to keep hope for the best. We n perpetually ever think about the end of life, instead we always think about the close to remarkable, comfortable easy-going trip of life. And to do this, we have been working since our very first scientific finding of Fire Change is cosmos the law of nature, and we made it a habit to respond the change.We responded, but we forgot to respect it. Now, climate change is the most serious challenge human nine has ever faced and everybody including business houses have already accomplished the gravity of the issue. Greed for the energy and power of the human fellowship is leading to the e mission of carbon honorable from the ancient time. And now we are suffering with climate change. Climate change is a global environmental problem which has been receiving intense political attention both at domestic and international levels.The United Nations good example Convention on Climate Change(UNFCCC) defines climate change as a change of climate which is attributed straightaway or indirectly to human activity that alters the composition of the global atmosphere and which is in addition to pictorial climate variability observed over comparable time periods. The study characteristics of climate change take rise in average global temperature, ice cap melting, changes in precipitation, and increase in maritime temperature leading to sea level rise.Precisely at a time when India is confronted with development imperatives, we have been severely impacted by climate change. Like other developed countries, several sections of Indian populance are non being able to buffer the mselves from impacts of global warming. With close economic ties to natural resources and climate-sensitive celestial spheres such as agriculture, piddle forestry, India is facing a major threat and requires serious adaptive capacity to combat climate change.As a developing country, India can little afford the rise economic backlashes that industrialized nations can. With 27. 5% of the tribe still below the poverty line, reducing vulnerability to the impacts of climate change is essential. Although not an emitter historically , India presently has one of the fastest growing economies in the world with a government target 8% gross domestic crossroad to achieve development priorities, a share of one sixth of the global population, and changing consumption patterns, Indias emissions are set to increase dramatically.The International Energy Agency predicts that India will become the third largest emitter of babys room gases by as early as 2015. Besides this, developing countries are still emitting carbon nursery gases at higher rates, contributing to the climate changes. Use of the fossile fuels, coal at large extent is the raw material reason for the carbon emission. Power sector is 28. 9% of greenhouse gas emission, while domestic sector where coal LPG, wood kerosene are being used as fuel is contributing 6. 4% followed by industrial sector 12. % and construction sector 9. 7 %( required for production of steel, cement brick, and so forth ) Technology simply means the application of scientific knowledge for practical purposes, has a very brisk role in the strategies to mitigate climate change.In 1987, the United Nations released the Brundtland Report, which included what is now one of the most widely recognized definitions Sustainable development is development that meets the necessitate of the present without compromising the ability of proximo generations to meet their own needs. The World commission on Environment Development has defined Sustaina ble Development as balancing the fulfillment of the human needs with protection of the natural environment so that these needs can be met not only in the present, but in the indefinite future. In straightforward words, we want a development which lasts for the infinite time without any harm to the nature as soundly as society. The word sustainable has been used in too many situations today, and ecological sustainability is one of those monetary value that confuse a lot of people.You hear about sustainable development, sustainable growth, sustainable economies, sustainable societies, and sustainable agriculture. Everything is sustainable. The term Inclusive growth includes the overall development of population with correct wealth distribution, development of light underprivileged , and deprived part of society by way of providing education for all, better agriculture production, and industrial development. Inclusive growth by its very definition implies an equitable allocation o f resources with benefits incurred to every section of the society. that the allocation of resources must be focused on the intended short and long term benefits of the society such as availability of consumer goods, people access, employment, standard of living etc. It sets a direct kindred between macro and micro determinant of the economy and its growth. The micro dimension includes the structural transformation of the society and macro dimension includes the countrys gross national product (GNP) and gross domestic product (GDP).To maintain rapid and sustainable growth is some time very difficult this is because resources vapourises during the allocation and may give rise to negative externality such as rise in corruption which is major problem in the developing nation. But however it has created an environment of equality in opportunity in all dimension of livelihood. Such as employment creation, market, consumption, production, and has created a platform for people who are s curvy to access good standard of living. If we focus on the inequality between poor and rich folk in a country we can reach to an optimal solution so that we can disparage the difference.

Discrimination towards Asians Essay Example for Free

Discrimination towards Asians seekThe expansion of America was a realization within the political and financial elite that in that location is a need for America to create markets in foreign countries for the Ameri nookie goods. By the turn of the 1890s in that location was a lot of superabundance in goods that we need to penetrate overseas markets to address beneath role and economic crisis. The linked States was under the premise that the countries with the largest navies and military force would nonethelesstually inherit the earth (Zinn, 1942). in front the election of President William McKinley he said that the American people needs overseas market for the surplus products since the American soil and eventories argon producing more than what the American people needed. This surplus should be of the advantage of the expanse since it will bring commercial supremacy. This supremacy led to the expansionist gather in in politics and even in the naval forces. President Roosevelt created propaganda for expansion in the 1890s together with other political elites who allot his expansionist standpoint. Roosevelt was perhaps the greatest expansionist of his time.He was up to penetrate Hawaii, Philippines and China. In 1898, 10% of American goods were sold in the foreign markets which amounted to billions of dollars. By the year 1895, the foreign investment of American Capitalists has reached billions of dollars especially in the steel industry. This further fanned the need for the American capitalists to create overseas markets and this made engaging in war an option. As in the case of Philippines, the conflict between the Spanish conquerors and the Philippine rebels paved office for the intervention of America in the guise of generosity.In 1899, the American government under the organisation of William McKinley sent troops to the Philippines to aide the Filipinos in fighting their war against the Spaniards. Mckinley states four reasons on why he d ecided to colonize the Philippines. The first was he cant give the Philippines back to the Spaniards. Second is that he cant give the Philippines to the French. Third is that he thinks that the Philippines is unfit to govern for themselves and the forth is that he has no choice but to adopt the Filipinos and civilize them (Zinn, 1942).By the term civilized and unfit he was under the notion that Filipinos ar savages, uneducated, and unscrupulous. This only shots that even the hot seat of a democratic body politic thinks lowly of a race that has endured 300 geezerhood of oppression and was courageous enough to ouster a government as strong as Spain. The country was under the Spanish rule for more than 300 hundred years and the Filipinos were craving for freedom. The Filipinos under the leadership of Emilio Aguinaldo were gaining much power at that time and some historians say that the Filipino people could wee-wee won the war without the American intervention.Since the American s came on cue, just as the war was speculate to end, America took all the credit and branded themselves as heroes and liberator of the country. This scenario is similar to what the fall in States did to Cuba. When the Cuban rebels sought suspensor from the United States, they sent American troops instead of financial resources (Zinn, 1942). When the Spanish colonizers where defeated, the US did not cognise the efforts of the rebels and took over Cuba. Before the US freed Cuba, they made sure that Platt amendment will be added to the constitution giving the US rights to intervene with the Cuban government.Some US bases where also retained and the Cuban market was remained opened to American exports. In the case of the Philippines, US intervention came in together with education, clothing, healthcare and other basic necessities that were strip by the Spaniards. Since the Spaniards aimed to suppress education among Filipinos and keep them dependent to their regime, the Education f or ein truthone scheme of the United States was a take in for most of the Filipinos. However the struggle continued for those who seek real independence (Grey, 2003).The expansionist point of view of Americans towards the Philippines was regarded as acts of robbery and oppression by a black soldier designated in the Philippines. It was a cover war as news articles and journals of soldiers revealed that they shot Filipinos like rabbits including the women and children who were helpless (Zinn, 1942). Discrimination in the political frame was also evident since only the Americans hold office and Filipinos where kept at the lower offices of the political structure. corresponding to the faith of those non-whites, the Filipino people where discriminated even in todays society.Due to economic reasons a great percentage of Filipinos are now working abroad as domestic workers. Blue dog collar jobs such as domestic helpers, construction workers, waiters and etc are the most common employm ent for Filipinos residing in the United States (Manalansan, 2003). Because of this, stereotypes where based upon the assumption that Filipinos are uneducated and are capable of doing only menial jobs. In fact, in a British dictionary the meaning of the word Filipina is domestic helper. This may be attributed to the fact that 90% of Filipinos working abroad are females.However, we fail to see is that a large percentage of these Filipino workers look at a college degree and are in fact educated. Sociology dictates that since Filipinos aim been subjected to three colonizers (Spanish, Americans and Japanese) they are by nature patient, enduring and industrious. Thus, doing menial jobs are sacrifices they are willing to make just to alleviate their families flowing economic status (Manalansan, 2003). Today, the Philippines is the worlds major exporter of manpower especially in health care.Filipino nurses and care givers primp themselves as pioneers in their craft and the country eve n hails them as the present day heroes. However, when they set beak on the foreign soil, that pride turns to discrimination. Though they are well capable and well trained in nursing, skin color often hinders them from being treated the same way as that of the white nurses. A quote from the TV show Desperate Housewives uttered by Teri Hatcher says Okay, before we go any further, can I check those diplomas because I just wanna make sure that theyre not from some med school in the Philippines.This only supports the fact that Filipinos are still caught under the stereotype that they are incapable and are discriminated upon (Salanga, 2007). In comparison to the African-Americans, Filipinos experience greater amount of discrimination due to the fact that they are smaller, second is the limning of the Philippines as a country of terrorists, third is that they are uneducated and forth is that most of them dont speak good English. But unknown to most Americans is that there is a thriving b usiness of remember centers in the Philippines which started in 2000.When we dial customer service and ask for help for a certain product, we ability be seeking advice from Filipinos that we discriminate against. The thing is we dont even notice that they are Filipinos by the way they speak. They are proficient in English and are able to address of plights properly, hence, the notion that Filipinos are dumb serves as an irony. In call centers, we ask for help from Filipinos and not the other way around. At present the Call center industry in the Philippines captures 20% of the world market share in call centers and the Philippine government aims to get 50% of share by the year 2008 (Ortigas Online, 2007).Filipinos today impudence what sociologists call double jeopardy. Because Filipinos are discriminated, they have difficulty of finding good jobs. It is estimated that a majority of Filipinos in the United States today are still holding blue collar jobs though some of them have wh ite collar jobs. Some have even made it big time in the United States just like the lead singer of the Pussy Cat Dolls who is a Filipino-American (Ezugwu, 2007). Though some have made it up in the economic ladder, Filipinos still comprise the majority in service sectors jobs in the United States. Their poverty reinforces their minority status.Thus, the so-called ladder of discrimination as what sociologists call is also reinforced. Filipinos have the difficulty of upgrading their status by economic means because of these stereotypes. Thus, white Americans always associate Filipinos with poverty, terrorism, violence and ignorance. This whence hinders them from alleviating their status and making their chances at getting high paying jobs a lot slimmer as compared to the whites. However, when I check the web and type Philippines in the search box it is amazing how it differs from what the media is projecting.As a country the Philippines has wonderful places and beautiful culture. They are deeply rooted to their religion and values which make them generally potent and happy individuals (Tope, L. Nonan-Mercado, 2007). Their history with the Spaniards taught Filipinos how to be industrious and enduring as they were colonized by Spain for 300 years. These characteristics of Filipinos show in their approach to their work here in the United States. I think the fact that they are willing to occupy menial jobs that most Americans would shun is a manifestation that they are hardworking people. possibly it is this realization that led to further acceptance to the Filipino culture and the Filipino people. In the United States there are Filipino communities in every state (The Filipino, 2007) and a lot of Americans prefer to have Filipino wives saying that Filipinos make a loving wife and mother. The country also has a strong president as of pres time and aims to renew the image of the Philippines as a country filled with communists. President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo wasf eatured in the Times Magazine for the second time and was hailed as one of the most powerful women in Asia (Spaeth, 2001).Since she is very stern in her fight against terrorism the Philippines and the Filipinos are beginning to portray a wonderful picture in our minds. In addition to that, society has become more lenient as to the case of racism. numerous citizens are now aware that skin color or race does not limit a persons ability to do his job properly. Filipinos, much like the other minority groups should be given the chance to grow and show their abilities. The growing popularity of snit racism and equality has made some force on the way Filipinos are treated, however it is not yet evident in most cases. elongationhttp//www.commondreams.org/scriptfiles/views03/1117-11.htm

Psychology References Essay Example for Free

Psychology References endeavorSelect something you either strongly like or dislike (e.g., reading, competitive sports, flying, snakes, etc.). Write a 2 to three (2-3) page paper in which you1. Briefly describe your like or dislike (one to two (1-2) sentences). 2. Describe the subfield (e.g., cognitive psychology, developmental psychology, psychoanalytic psychology, etc.) you believe is best suited for providing psychological systemal insight into your taste (the fact that you like or dislike the thing you do) and why you believe it is so. 3. Discuss how biological bases of sort (including sensation and perception) have contributed to your preference. 4. Analyze how engaging in or reacting to your preference (e.g., playing competitive sports or encountering a snake) affects your state of consciousness during that engagement. 5. Discuss the role that learning has had on the fact that you like or dislike the thing you described. Your assignment must follow these formatting req uirements Be typed, double spaced, exploitation propagation New Roman font (size 12), with one-inch margins on all sides citations and references must follow APA or school-specific format. Check with your prof for any additional instructions. Include a cover page containing the title of the assignment, the students name, the profs name, the course title, and the date. The cover page and the reference page are not included in the required assignment page length. The specific course learning outcomes associated with this assignment are Distinguish mingled with the major schools of thought in psychology. Discuss the biological factors that influence behavior. Describe the major theories of learning, memory, cognition, consciousness, development, and social psychology. social function technology and information resources to research issues in psychology. Write clearly and concisely about psychology using proper writing mechanics. Grading for this assignment will be based on ans wer quality, logic/organization of the paper, and language and writing skills, using the following rubric.

Four season goes to paris Essay Example for Free

quad temper goes to paris EssayThis case demonstrates how Four Seasons effectively creates, cultivates, and sustains its organizational subtlety byout every put up the federation expands its business to. In 1999, Four Seasons took over the Hotel George V in France and reopened it as the Four Seasons Hotel George V Paris (F. S. George V) leading the come with to cope with cultural difference issues. Research showed that a strong organizational gloss correlates with the firms high transaction (Sorensen, 124).Therefore, it is vital for managers, whose work deals with international aspects, to realize the splendor of corporate market-gardening and know how to help their companies maintain the culture. In this paper, I will discuss more or less organizational culture of Four Seasons, cut culture related to the hospitality industry, possible conflicts and resolution betwixt Four Seasons and France employee regarding organizational culture. Four Seasons culture centered on providing customers with an exceptional service and giving its sympathetic resources high value.In terms of service, the company blended uniform service standards with local ingredients resulting in a customized hotel that goes hand in hand with its host country. To elaborate, the company ensured that every employee adopts the service standards and put them into practice. This is because sharing the equivalent standard helps bond the employees to one another. Consequently, these bonds lead to creating corporate culture. The company put emphasize on its important human resources by introducing The Golden Rule, highlighting dignity and respect throughout the organization (Hallowell, Bowen, and Knoop, 4).The company created a strong culture through selection and socialization procedure (Sorensen, 125). First, the company recruited people based on their attitude fit to the organizational culture. For example, all potential job candidates at the F. S. George V were interviewed fou r times. Four Seasons was convinced that an employee with the right attitude could adapt to its culture. Second, the firm strengthened its culture through rules implementation and auditing performance helping to increase cultural persistence. Consequently, persistence contributed to maintaining the companys culture.Third, the firm sustained its belief through association with symbols (Sorensen, 126). For example, when his uniform gets dirty, an employee is supplied with a uniform to change. This symbolizes and reminds the employee of dignity according to The Golden Rule. Differences betwixt French culture and Four Seasons culture can create potential conflicts when both cultures collide. On one hand, French culture is indirect and subjective. French people are non confrontational. Face saving and dignity are vital in employee evaluation. French people are proud of their nationality.They are emotional and take honor into account when providing services. The on the job(p) style of French people is polychronic (Hallowell, Bowen, and Knoop, 7). They regard personal relationship more important than fixed appointments. On the other hand, Four Seasons North American culture is more direct and objective. An employee feels comfortable to talk openly to his manager. In turn, the manager can give the employee sincere feedback on his performance. It is vital to follow business memorandum strictly. This section talks more or less cultural conflicts and resolutions.Cultural differences between Four Seasons and France employee can bring about conflicts when the two collaborate. Especially, when the company has to embrace employees from the Hotel Gorge V. This means the hotel has to deal with an existing culture that is different from its own. The companys confrontational style in managing people can be ineffective and considered insulting in France. French employee with monochronic culture may not know that attend meeting late is unacceptable for Americans with polychro nic culture (Hallowell, Bowen, and Knoop, 7).Also, French people are emotional which is good in providing exceptional service to impress guests. However, universe too emotional can result in inconsistency of service. For example, a concierge may treat one guest better than the other according to his own preference. This disrupts harmony in organizational culture in that the service standards require employees to treat every guest equally. To solve cultural difference issues, the company bit by bit replaced the existing culture with a new one aiming at employees who were willing to change and adopt the company culture.When the majority of employees embraced corporate culture, which prioritizes service standards, the company could go down service inconsistency issue. The firm also leased Le Calvez, a truly French man as a F. S George V public manager. His experience in dealing with union in New York facilitated him in reducing gap between its employees and the union. Then, the ho tel assigned the task force to the F. S. Gorge V to make sure that the opening will gush smoothly. This task force helped building Four Seasons culture.Also, it symbolized the companys unity worldwide. Realizing that French employees are indirect and avoid confronting with their boss, Four Seasons used direct line to encourage them to speak up and voice their concerns comfortably. In conclusion, this paper presents Four Seasons culture, National culture of France, main conflicts when the two cultures collide, and the approaches Four Seasons took to resolve such conflicts. The company created and cultivated its corporate culture through communication, implementation, and symbolization.

Requirements Of Managers In Contemporary Business Practices Management Essay

Requirements Of Managers In Contemporary Business Pr wagerices perplexity Essay takings Imagine there is a proposed merger amid a Chinese comp any(prenominal) and a in the south-Afri crumb company. You atomic number 18 appointed to lead a team consisting of managers from both countries to examine any cultural problems linked to the proposed merger. Applying the exertion of Hofstede and Trompenaars, how close would the cultural fit be and how might you operatek to improve cultural intellectual between the two free radicals of managers?IntroductionIn todays moving in environment, possessing management skills alone is no yearlong sufficient to be successful. Contemporary telephone line practices require that managers have knowledge and experience regarding the differences between management and leading as well, and how both activities must be integrated for business success.With the impressiveness of International Business environment is raising, belowstanding the host coun trys culture cease give managers a competitive advantage.The objective of this assignment is to examine any cultural problems linked to the proposed merger between Chinese Company and a South-African Company, by using Hofstedes dimensions of guinea pig culture, and then explore solutions which can improve cultural correspondence between the two gatherings of managers.This assignment mainly has two parts the first part will give out the cultural problems from two companys array and the second part is going to find the solutions for the issues.Part One- heathen ProblemsChina -South Africa team- imprintAs we may realize that the globalisation of the world economy, on one hand, has created tremendous opportunities for global collaboration among different countries on the other hand, however, it has as well created a unique set of problems and issues relating to the effective management of partnerships with different cultures. With the increasing importance of the China food mar ket in the world economy, many businessmen rushed to enter China to explore business opportunities.preponderantly motivated by the quest for material inputs (oil and other primary commodities) required for its infrastructural investments and booming manufacturing sector, Chinese presence in Africa is rapidly growing (Song Li, 2004). The rapid growth and significance of enhanced Chinese participation in Africa has important implications eon talking about cultural fonts.Hofstedes Cultural Dimensions on China and South AfricaBy applying Geert Hofstedes Cultural Dimensions, the culture difference between China and South-Africa has been displayed in the below charts.Five factors have been discussed on Hofstedes Cultural Dimensions (Hofstede, 1997)Power Distance world power (PDI) that is the extent to which the little business leaderful members of organizations and institutions (like the family) accept and expect that power is distributed unequally.Individualism (IDV), on the one si de versus its opposite, collectivism, that is the degree to which undivideds ar inte-grated into groups.Masculinity (MAS), versus its opposite, femininity, refers to the distribution of roles between the genders which is other(prenominal) fundamental issue for any society to which a range of solutions atomic number 18 arrange.Uncertainty evasion Index (UAI) which cares with a societys perimeter for uncertainty and ambiguity it ultimately refers to mans search for Truth. farseeing-Term Orientation (LTO) which versus short- border orientation.harmonize to Hofstedes Value Dimensions on China (See below chart), it can be concluded that China has a relatively lavishly long-term orientation. This has a historical family with its economy. Commonly, most of Asian countries are belonging to the less developed / developing countries. Suffering bad sequences taught many Chinese populate to think and act on a long-term basis.Prior to Chinas economic reform, the government ruled all strategies, supplies, and financial allocations. Leaders, under the contemporary definition, did not exist, because all organizations had to do was to make sure that the allocated quotas were fulfilled, and that the people assigned to them were cared for. The notion of leaders was fulfilled entirely by Confucian determine, aligning allegiance to CEOs with allegiance to the government. til now, in 1978, managers of state- sustained companies were now trustworthy for corporate operations and profit-making.Example 1- ChinaSource Cultural Dimensions on China, 2009Now looking at the figures of South Africa cultural dimensions, it is easy to find that the South Africa has a comparable high IDV and MAS, and its PDI and UAI are a little bit low. It means that people are functioning to work individually and certain of tender hierarchy exist which has much relation with its history.Example 2- South AfricaSource Cultural Dimensions on South Africa, 2009Analysis on different cultural dime nsionsTo clarify the differences between China and Africa, the student will steering on Hofstedes five cultural dimensions power distance, individualism/collectivism, masculinity/femininity, and uncertainty avoidance and long-term/short-term orientation also called Confucian Dynamism(Hofstede, 1997).China and Africa differ greatly with regard to their economic systems, political systems, kindly values, and laws, despite the substantial changes that have occurred in China during recent years(McCoy, 2005). Some differences can be found according to Hofstede studies on culture differences.Power DistanceChina is centralized (though it has shown some tendency toward alter power) while Africa is relatively decentralized. In high power distance cultures, authority is inherent in ones blot indoors a hierarchy. There are strong dependency dealinghips between parents and children, bosses and subordinates and a significant hearty distance between superior and subordinate. In low power d istance or power tolerance cultures, individuals assess authority in view of its perceived rightness.IndividualismThe student notices in both cases that distant to western countries which have a strong individualism, China and Africa have a strong collectivism. Individualism-collectivism refers to the relative importance of the interests of the individual versus the interests of the group. In state-controlled societies, the interests of the group take precedence over individual interests. People see themselves as part of in-groups and the in-groups look after them in exchange for their loyalty. In individualistic cultures, the interest of the individual takes precedence over the groups interest.MasculinityAfrica has higher value than China in masculinity, which heads that Africa is medium masculinity while China is medium femininity. Masculinity-femininity or goal orientation pertains to the extent to which traditional male orientations of ambition and feat are emphasized over t raditional female orientations of nurturance and inter ad hominem harmony (Song Li, 2004). Cultures differ on what motivates people to achieve different goals. Cultures of the aggressive goal behaviour type (masculinity) value material possessions, money, and assertiveness whereas cultures of the nonope intellectual goal behaviour type (femininity) value social relevance, quality of life and welfare of others.Uncertainty AvoidanceChina and Africa have higher values for uncertainty avoidance the West. This shows that in both sides, people are relatively risk-avoiding while western people are relatively risk-taking. Uncertainty avoidance captures the degree to which individuals in a culture feel threatened by ambiguous, uncertain, or new situations. Cultures are characterized as any high or low on uncertainty avoidance. Whereas low uncertainty avoidance cultures prefer affirmatory response to change and new opportunities, high uncertainty avoidance cultures prefer structure and con sistent routine.Long/Short-term OrientationAfrica has a short-term orientation while China has a long-term orientation. to a fault called Confucian dynamism, this last dimension assesses a societys capacity for patience and delayed gratification. Long-term oriented cultures (China and Hong Kong) tend to save more money and exhibit more patience in reaping the results of their actions. Short-term oriented cultures (African countries) inadequacy to maximize the present rewards and are relatively less prone to saving or anticipating long term rewards. It has been widely accepted that cultural differences greatly affect human thinking and behaviour and thus business organizations in which people interact on the basis of shared values. Management is embedded in a wider societal setting, and is heavily influenced by local historical and cultural norms (DiMaggio and Powell, 2003). The significant differences between Africa and China count to affect some aspects of their business managemen t practice.Part two-SolutionsCultural Differences in business StrategiesBecause entrepreneurs mature within a societal context, their attitudes toward cooperation are likely to be influenced by the underlying values of their society (Weaver, 2000). As discussed above, Africa and China have a strong collectivism. People depend more on groups or institutions to fructify what they should do and emphasize loyalty to the group. They are more likely to cooperate with others to avoid risks and reduce responsibilities. However due to the medium masculinity, Africans sometimes are reluctant to cooperate because their masculine culture view cooperation in general as a sign of weakness and place a high value on independence and control. In the unconscious process of cooperation, Chinese tend to pay more attention to relationships. The student has to elevate the term Guanxi which in English means relation or connection is at the centre of businesses in China. In Weavers studies (2000), the s tudent found that entrepreneurs from societies that are masculine and individualistic have a lower gustatory modality for cooperative strategies as compared to entrepreneurs from societies that are feminine and collectivist in nature.Cultural Differences in Conflict ManagementIn order to solve conflicts, Chinese and Africans have different ways. For Chinese where harmony and personal relationship are truly important, they dont like open conflict therefore they use indirect ways to work out problems. Anytime there is conflict, they use the authority to end up with it or settle things in private. dialog and compromise are determinant for them in this case. Contrary to them, Africans managers like Europeans or Americans, will directly show problems and bring them out in the open (Richmond and Gestrin, 2008). To resolve problems, everybody is involved in order to bring rational arguments and ideas to suggest solutions. We can notice that Chinese avoid this method because for them th at will create disagreement which is very undesirable. African managers are reluctant to devote their time and efforts together in solving business conflicts. early(a) peoples help is needed. In contrast, according to Bond (2001), the strong collective orientation and uncertainty avoidance values in China encourage Chinese managers to use indirect forms of influence that involve the assistance of a third party. Indirect forms are used by Chinese managers to deal with a difficult or controversial request. In this way, they avoid losing face or damaging guanxi.Cultural Differences in Decision-making Risk-taking/Risk-avoidingChinese and African managers differ from in the attitudes toward risks when they make decisions for their different values in uncertainty avoidance. Chinese managers with a high uncertainty-avoidance have a lack adventurous spirit and the sense of risks. Immediate decisions which make them lose the luck to compete in a market are avoided in the case they feel the circumstance is uncertain. just about of the time, they essential to be safe by taking less risky decisions. For African managers, it is almost the same. nitty-gritty and lower level supervisors are less willing to make decisions without deference to superiors. The result is that decision-making takes much longer than anticipated and requires more input from players at various social and professional levels. Uncertainty Avoidance measures for Africa indicate low risk taking and a resistance to change which can further delay projects which realize problems mid-cycle.Levels of Participation in Decision-makingThe decision-making process involves making sense of ambiguity and taking risks (Jackson, 2003).The decision maker is operative on the information available about what has already happened, what is assumed to have happened or is happening. The second aspect is future oriented (Brady, 2000). A risk is being taken because one is applying a perspective base on knowledge of the past, and projecting this to what might happen in the future if a certain crease of action is followed. Chinese managers or African managers have different level of participation in decision- making. In China, decisions are participatory. Employees accept decisions handed down by their supervisors. Because of their unquestioning attitudes towards their supervisors, they resist participation in decision-making. In Africa, managers make individual decisions. They dont consult with others but can defer to their supervisors. They value personal equality. To summarize, the student can say that Chinese managers adopt the no participatory approach to decision-making. The decisions come from the higher superiors to the subordinates. However, since the reforms in China, things are changing. More and more, participatory decision-making is starting to be used in a certain number of companies.Cultural Differences in Work-group CharacteristicsThe first difference about the work-group characteri stics is the concept of brotherhood, network, family feeling which is at the heart of all Chinese interactions. In African business style which is quasi the western business style, managers focus on the deal, the possibilities, the risks and so on. There is less focus on the people they are doing business with. They may encourage their group members to learn from each other, to focus on task rather than on social and interpersonal relations, and to haoma the confidence required for superior performance. They make difference between personal relationship and work.In China, it is the opposite. Chinese managers may initially focus more effort on building social and interpersonal relations (Guanxi) before entering into business or contractual relationship. They would like to spend time developing and maintaining guanxi during the process of interaction and consider it as a prerequisite to do business. A good deal of time is spent exploring peoples characters. People want to know your b ackground, your family situation, your likes and dislikes. A good deal of business is conducted in feast halls. Chinese accept a persons true character comes out during these moments. The only purpose during these meetings is to see a persons other side, the human side. If they are comfortable with you, and if they think they can trust you, that you can be invited to essence the family, you and your business are made. Chinese managers are not interested in short term they want long, life-long business relations.However, as the economy has become increasingly marketized, privatized and competitive, the value and effectiveness of the Guanxi system has greatly deteriorated. In industries that have been substantially deregulated or privatized, or where there is vigorous competition, business is business, and Guanxi has been neutralized or marginalized. Relationships or connections now resemble that which we find elsewhere.Cultural Differences in Motivation SystemsIn business contexts , the motivations of employees, partners, superiors, social associates, and members of a society spring from cultural values, or what people think is important. In order to register how to do business with members of some other culture, it is infallible to understand what motivates them, to know where to begin and what you need to cover all necessary bases.According to Aguinis (2002), employees can be rewarded according to their performance, equally, or based on their needs. In general, the equity article of belief is common in individualistic cultures while the equality principle is widely used in collectivistic cultures. Pay for performance and pay equity are the two main differences in motivation systems. From the fifties until the 1980s, every aspect of Chinas economic activity was planned, controlled and operated by the government (Helen, D. 2008). There was no private self-possession of any property or asset, and, consequently, no profit motive for individuals or enterpr ises.The government would allocate everyone a pre-defined slice of the big pie. If anyone wanted more than what was allocated to him/her, it meant circumventing that system and getting someone in that allocation chain of mountains to provide a special favour. People were obliged to sacrifice their individual interests for those of the society. Cooperation, interdependence, group goals that create group harmony are applied in China. The sense of belonging and devoting to the group are important for Chinese people. Focusing on the view that ones success is mainly based on group work they believe that one cannot claim the reward just for oneself. Contrary to what some Chinese researchers argued on this part, the student can say while setting salaries Chinese managers will not pay more attention to the working(a) experience and academic qualifications of employees. In that case, the equality principle is reflected in the motivation system.For African managers, individual feat is impor tant. They are expected to achieve success only by their individual efforts. Value competition, achievement and personal goals are their main motivations in order to have plans to recognize their individual contributions. Their success relies on their own efforts. Talents and work performance of the employees will be considered by their superiors for salary increases and promotion.ConclusionAs a result, understanding other cultures is more important than ever. If we consider that people from the same economic, political, and cultural background have problems communication effectively we can appreciate the difficulties and challenges that people from diverse cultures face when trying to communicate. Misunderstandings will always be a part of cultural aspects. Companies need to think outside the proverbial box when formulating their business strategies and when collaborating and forming business partnerships. As sometimes companies move to do business in other countries, a greater p redisposition to culture will be required and an understanding of cultural realities should facilitate business transactions.Knowing another culture is a legitimate concern of businesses. More than that, it is essential. Those who make effort the effort to understand another culture gain knowledge about how to behave in that culture. Otherwise, if you know what people value and understand their attitudes, you wont unintentionally do something that offends and diminishes your chances for business success. In todays global businesses context, the winners are not those who study the markets they deal with even if its important but those who study people they deal with.